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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 48A

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron said to me: Come, and I will show you the Right Hand of MAQOM, laid behind (Him) because of the destruction of the Holy Temple;⁠ from which all kinds of splendour and light shine forth and by which the 955 heavens were created; and whom not even the Seraphim and the 'Ophannim are permitted (to behold), until the day of salvation shall arrive. 2 And I went by his side and he took me by his hand and showed me (the Right Hand of MAQOM), with all manner of praise, rejoicing and song: and no mouth can tell its praise, and no eye can behold it, because of its greatness, dignity, majesty, glory and beauty. 3 And not only that, but all the souls of the righteous who are counted worthy to behold the joy of Jerusalem, they are standing by it, praising and praying before it three times every day, saying (Is. li. 9): "Awake, awake, put on strength, arm of the Lord"⁠ according as it is written (Is. lxiii. 12): "He caused his glorious arm to go at the right hand of Moses". 4 In that moment the Right Hand of MAQOM was weeping. And there went forth from its five fingers five rivers of tears and fell down into the great sea and shook the whole world, according as it is written (Is. xxiv. 19, 20): "The earth is utterly broken (1), the earth is clean dissolved (2), the earth is moved exceedingly (3), the earth shall stagger like a drunken man (4) and shall be moved to and fro like a hut (5)", five times corresponding to the fingers of his Great Right Hand. 5 But when the Holy One, blessed be He, sees, that there is no righteous man in the generation, and no pious man (Chasid) on earth, and no justice in the hands of men; and (that there is) no man like Moses, and no intercessor as Samuel who could pray before MAQOM for the salvation and for the deliverance, and for His Kingdom, that it be revealed in the whole world; and for His great Right Hand that He put it before Himself again to work great salvation by it for Israel, 6 then at once will the Holy One, blessed be He, remember His own justice, favour, mercy and grace: and He will deliver His great Arm by himself, and His righteousness will support Him. According as it is written (Is. lix. 16): "And he saw, that there was no man" (that is:) like Moses who prayed countless times for Israel in the desert and averted the (Divine) decrees from them; "and he wondered, that there was no intercessor" like Samuel who entreated the Holy One, blessed be He, and called to Him and he answered him and fulfilled his desire, even if it was not fit (in accordance with the Divine plan), according as it is written (1 Sam. xii. 17): "Is it not wheat-harvest to-day? I will call to the Lord". 7 And not only that, but He joined fellowship with Moses in every place, as it is written (Ps. xcix. 6): "Moses and Aaron among His priests."⁠ And again it is written (Jer. xv. 1): "Though Moses and Samuel stood before me"⁠ (Is. lxiii. 5): "My own arm brought salvation to me". 8 Said the Holy One, blessed be He, in that hour: "How long shall I wait for the children of men to work salvation according to their righteousness for my arm? For my own sake and for the sake of my merit and righteousness will I deliver my arm and by it redeem my children from among the nations of the world.⁠ As it is written (Is. xlviii. 11): "For my own sake will I do it. For how should my name be profaned". 9 In that moment will the Holy One, blessed be He, reveal His Great Arm and show it to the nations of the world: for its length is as the length of the world and its breadth is as the width of the world. And the appearance of its splendour is like the splendour of the sunshine in its might, in the summer solstice. 10 At once Israel will be saved from among the nations of the world. And Messiah will appear to them and He will bring them up to Jerusalem with great joy. And not only that but Israel will come from the four quarters of the World and eat with Messiah. But the nations of the world shall not eat with them, as it is written (Is. lii. 10): "The Lord has made bare his holy arm in the eyes of all the nations; and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God". And again (Deut. xxxii. 12): "The Lord alone did lead him, and there was no strange god with him". (Zech. xiv. 9): "And the Lord shall be king over all the earth".

Texts in conversation

Compare Revelation 6:10 and 3 Enoch 48A:3

New Testament · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Revelation, the souls of the martyrs in heaven cry out for God to judge and avenge their deaths. 3 Enoch echoes a similar tradition describing righteous souls in heaven praying to God three times daily.

Passages

Revelation 6:10

New Testament
9 Now when the Lamb opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been violently killed because of the word of God and because of the testimony they had given. 10 They cried out with a loud voice, “How long, Sovereign Master, holy and true, before you judge those who live on the earth and avenge our blood?” 11 Each of them was given a long white robe, and they were told to rest for a little longer, until the full number was reached of both their fellow servants and their brothers who were going to be killed just as they had been.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

3 Enoch 48A:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron said to me: Come, and I will show you the Right Hand of MAQOM, laid behind (Him) because of the destruction of the Holy Temple; from which all kinds of splendour and light shine forth and by which the 955 heavens were created; and whom not even the Seraphim and the 'Ophannim are permitted (to behold), until the day of salvation shall arrive. 2 And I went by his side and he took me by his hand and showed me (the Right Hand of MAQOM), with all manner of praise, rejoicing and song: and no mouth can tell its praise, and no eye can behold it, because of its greatness, dignity, majesty, glory and beauty. 3 And not only that, but all the souls of the righteous who are counted worthy to behold the joy of Jerusalem, they are standing by it, praising and praying before it three times every day, saying (Is. li. 9): "Awake, awake, put on strength, arm of the Lord" according as it is written (Is. lxiii. 12): "He caused his glorious arm to go at the right hand of Moses". 4 In that moment the Right Hand of MAQOM was weeping. And there went forth from its five fingers five rivers of tears and fell down into the great sea and shook the whole world, according as it is written (Is. xxiv. 19, 20): "The earth is utterly broken (1), the earth is clean dissolved (2), the earth is moved exceedingly (3), the earth shall stagger like a drunken man (4) and shall be moved to and fro like a hut (5)", five times corresponding to the fingers of his Great Right Hand.
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... In the above texts the repository of the souls of the dead is not mentioned as being in the proximity of the heavenly throne, although, as mentioned above, the image of God’s throne appears in that text. However, the author of Sefer haheikhalot (also known as 3 Enoch), a later Hebrew apocalyptic text written in post-talmudic times, does connect these motifs; it places the souls near God’s throne and describes their attempt to intercede before God. In this work the angel Metatron shows R. Ishmael the souls of the righteous, ‘which fly above the Throne of Glory before God’. Here the souls include not only those righteous who have died ‘and have returned [to their heavenly abode]’, but also unborn righteous souls.23 Another passage in 3 Enoch describes the ‘brilliant right hand of God’, which is ‘drawn back’ because of the destruction of the Temple, alluding to the text of Lamentations 2: 3: ‘He has drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; He has burned up Jacob like a flaming fire, consuming all around.’ This image symbolizes God’s decision not to use his ‘outstretched arm’ to deliver his people during this period. The author of 3 Enoch relates further that ‘all the souls of the righteous, those who are worthy to see the joy of Jerusalem’, appear before this divine arm with praise, and ‘ask for mercy from before it [her]’ three times every day: ‘Awake, awake, clothe yourself with splendour, O arm of the Lord’ (Isa. 51: 9).24 Thus, in this later apocalyptic text the souls of the righteous serve an important intercessory function: they request mercy for Jerusalem during the period of God’s wrath. ...”
Paul Mandel, “The Sacrifice of the Souls of the Righteous upon the Heavenly Altar: Transformations of Apocalyptic Traditions in Medieval Ashkenaz,” in Regional Identities and Cultures of Medieval Jews, ed. Talya Fishman Javier Castaño and Ephraim Kanarfogel (London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2018), 58.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Revelation 6:10 and 3 Enoch 48A:3

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