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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 46

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron said to me: (Come and I will show you) the space of the stars that are standing in Raqia' night by night in fear of the Almighty (MAQOM) and (I will show you) where they go and where they stand. 2 I walked by his side, and he took me by his hand and pointed out all to me with his fingers. And they were standing on sparks of flames round the Merkaba of the Almighty (MAQOM). What did Metatron do? At that moment he clapped his hands and chased them off from their place. At once they flew off on flaming wings, rose and fled from the four sides of the Throne of the Merkaba,⁠ and (as they flew) he told me the names of every single one.⁠ As it is written (Ps. cxlvii. 4): "He tells the number of the stars; he gives them all their names",⁠ teaching, that the Holy One, blessed be He, has given a name to each one of them. 3 And they all enter in counted order under the guidance of (lit. through, by the hands of) RAHATIEL to Raqia' ha-shSHamayim to serve the world. And they go out in counted order to praise the Holy One, blessed be He, with songs and hymns,⁠ according as it is written (Ps. xix. 1): "The heavens declare the glory of God". 4 But in the time to come the Holy One, blessed be He, will create them anew, as it is written (Lam. iii. 23): "They are new every morning".⁠ And they open their mouth and utter a song. Which is the song that they utter? (Ps. viii. 3): "When I consider your heavens".

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalms 147:4 and 3 Enoch 46:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In 3 Enoch, Metatron tells Ishmael the names of all the stars as they fly from the throne, reshaping the tradition of Psalm 147 into a larger cosmic narrative.

Passages

Psalms 147:4

Hebrew Bible
3 He heals the brokenhearted and bandages their wounds. 4 He counts the number of the stars; he names all of them. 5 Our Lord is great and has awesome power; there is no limit to his wisdom. 6 The Lord lifts up the oppressed, but knocks the wicked to the ground. 7 Offer to the Lord a song of thanks. Sing praises to our God to the accompaniment of a harp. 8 He covers the sky with clouds, provides the earth with rain, and causes grass to grow on the hillsides. 9 He gives food to the animals and to the young ravens when they chirp.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

3 Enoch 46:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
2 I walked by his side, and he took me by his hand and pointed out all to me with his fingers. And they were standing on sparks of flames round the Merkaba of the Almighty (MAQOM). What did Metatron do? At that moment he clapped his hands and chased them off from their place. At once they flew off on flaming wings, rose and fled from the four sides of the Throne of the Merkaba, and (as they flew) he told me the names of every single one. As it is written (Ps. cxlvii. 4): "He tells the number of the stars; he gives them all their names", teaching, that the Holy One, blessed be He, has given a name to each one of them.
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... Although the figure in Aseneth and Metatron in 3 Enoch share numerous similari- ties that may be explained by their common angelic nature, two scenes in 3 Enoch exhibit more than passing similiarity to scenes in Aseneth. In 3 Enoch 46, Metatron proposes to show the visionary Ishmael "the spirits of the stars—which stand like fiery sparks around the chariot of the Omnipresent One." whereupon he shows Ish- mael a scene quite similar to the scene in Aseneth 16, where the angel instructs the bees to fly to their places: What did Metatron do? At once he clapped his hands and chased them all from their places. Immediately they flew up on wings of flame and fled to the four sides of the throne of the chariot, and he told me the name of each of them, as it is written, He counts the num- ber of the stars and gives each of them a name. [Ps 147.4] The second scene is 3 Enoch 43, which depicts the souls of the righteous that have returned to the presence of God and those that have not yet been created, to which I will return later. ...”
Ross Shepard Kraemer, When Aseneth Met Joseph: A Late Antique Tale of the Biblical Patriarch and His Egyptian Wife, Reconsidered (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 125–126.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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