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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 4

1 R. Ishmael said: I asked Metatron and said to him: "Why are you called by the name of your Creator, by seventy names? You are greater than all the princes, higher than all the angels, beloved more than all the servants, honoured above all the mighty ones in kingship, greatness and glory: why do they call you 'Youth' in the high heavens?" 2 He answered and said to me: "Because I am Enoch, the son of Jared. 3 For when the generation of the flood sinned and were confounded in their deeds, saying to God: 'Depart from us, for we desire not the knowledge of your ways' (Job xxi. 14), then the Holy One, blessed be He, removed me from their midst to be a witness against them in the high heavens to all the inhabitants of the world,⁠ that they may not say: 'The Merciful One is cruel'. 4 What sinned all those multitudes, their wives, their sons and their daughters, their horses, their mules and their cattle and their property, and all the birds of the world, all of which the Holy One, blessed be He, destroyed from the world together with them in the waters of the flood? 5 Hence the Holy One, blessed be He, lifted me up in their lifetime before their eyes to be a witness against them to the future world. And the Holy One, blessed be He, assigned me for a prince and a ruler among the ministering angels.⁠ 6 In that hour three of the ministering angels, 'UZZA, 'AZZA and 'AZZAEL came forth and brought charges against me in the high heavens,⁠ saying before the Holy One, blessed be He: "Said not the Ancient Ones (First Ones) rightly before You: 'Do not create man!'" The Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "I have made and I will bear, yes, I will carry and will deliver".⁠ (Is. xlvi. 4.) 7 As soon as they saw me, they said before Him: "Lord of the Universe! What is this one that he should ascend to the height of heights? Is not he one from among the sons of [the sons of] those who perished in the days of the Flood? What does he do in the Raqia'?" 8 Again, the Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "What are you, that you enter and speak in my presence? I delight in this one more than in all of you, and hence he shall be a prince and a ruler over you in the high heavens." 9 At once all stood up and went out to meet me, prostrated themselves before me and said: "Happy are you and happy is your father for your Creator favours you". 10 And because I am small and a youth among them in days, months and years, therefore they call me "Youth" (Na'ar).

Texts in conversation

Compare 3 Enoch 4:6 and Sanhedrin 38b:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Rabbinic

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Summary

In 3 Enoch, angels object to Enoch entering heaven. Rabbinic tradition in tractate Sanhedrin describes angels making a similar objection to humanity's creation, with each answered by the same divine promise from Isaiah 46.

Passages

3 Enoch 4:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
5 Hence the Holy One, blessed be He, lifted me up in their lifetime before their eyes to be a witness against them to the future world. And the Holy One, blessed be He, assigned me for a prince and a ruler among the ministering angels. 6 In that hour three of the ministering angels, 'UZZA, 'AZZA and 'AZZAEL came forth and brought charges against me in the high heavens, saying before the Holy One, blessed be He: "Said not the Ancient Ones (First Ones) rightly before You: 'Do not create man!'" The Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "I have made and I will bear, yes, I will carry and will deliver". (Is. xlvi. 4.)
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

Sanhedrin 38b:6

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
When history arrived at the time of the people of the generation of the flood and the people of the generation of the dispersion, i.e., the Tower of Babel, whose actions were ruinous, the angels said before God: Master of the Universe, didn’t the first set of angels speak appropriately before You, that human beings are not worthy of having been created? God said to them concerning humanity: “Even to your old age I am the same; and even to hoar hairs will I suffer you; I have made and I will bear; and I will carry, and I will deliver you” (Isaiah 46:4), i.e., having created people, I will even suffer their flaws.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sanhedrin

References

“... I. "The primeval ones": The tradition behind this is found in b.Sanh 38b: When God wanted to create man. he first created a company of angels and asked their advice. They opposed the creation of man. so God destroyed them. The same fate befell a second company, but a third company allowed man to be created. However, when the generation of the Flood came, these angels said: "Lord of the Universe, did not the first company of angels speak aright?" God replied. "Even to old age I am the same, and even to grey hairs will I carry" (Isa 46:4). This tradition has been adapted here: (1) The third company of angels is identified with 'Uzzah, 'Azzah, and 'Aza'el; (2) the charge brought against mankind in general is incongruously applied specifically to Enoch: (3) the point of the expression "the first ones" (i.e. the first company of angels) has been obscured. The talmudic form of the tradition clearly has priority; what we have in 3En is a rather clumsy reworking of it. On the theme of angelic opposition to man. see 1:3. n. f, and 5:10, n. I. ...”
Philip S. Alexander, “3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983), 1:259.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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3 Enoch 4:6 and Sanhedrin 38b:6

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