Go to Related Reading
About this book

3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 4

1 R. Ishmael said: I asked Metatron and said to him: "Why are you called by the name of your Creator, by seventy names? You are greater than all the princes, higher than all the angels, beloved more than all the servants, honoured above all the mighty ones in kingship, greatness and glory: why do they call you 'Youth' in the high heavens?" 2 He answered and said to me: "Because I am Enoch, the son of Jared. 3 For when the generation of the flood sinned and were confounded in their deeds, saying to God: 'Depart from us, for we desire not the knowledge of your ways' (Job xxi. 14), then the Holy One, blessed be He, removed me from their midst to be a witness against them in the high heavens to all the inhabitants of the world,⁠ that they may not say: 'The Merciful One is cruel'. 4 What sinned all those multitudes, their wives, their sons and their daughters, their horses, their mules and their cattle and their property, and all the birds of the world, all of which the Holy One, blessed be He, destroyed from the world together with them in the waters of the flood? 5 Hence the Holy One, blessed be He, lifted me up in their lifetime before their eyes to be a witness against them to the future world. And the Holy One, blessed be He, assigned me for a prince and a ruler among the ministering angels.⁠ 6 In that hour three of the ministering angels, 'UZZA, 'AZZA and 'AZZAEL came forth and brought charges against me in the high heavens,⁠ saying before the Holy One, blessed be He: "Said not the Ancient Ones (First Ones) rightly before You: 'Do not create man!'" The Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "I have made and I will bear, yes, I will carry and will deliver".⁠ (Is. xlvi. 4.) 7 As soon as they saw me, they said before Him: "Lord of the Universe! What is this one that he should ascend to the height of heights? Is not he one from among the sons of [the sons of] those who perished in the days of the Flood? What does he do in the Raqia'?" 8 Again, the Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "What are you, that you enter and speak in my presence? I delight in this one more than in all of you, and hence he shall be a prince and a ruler over you in the high heavens." 9 At once all stood up and went out to meet me, prostrated themselves before me and said: "Happy are you and happy is your father for your Creator favours you". 10 And because I am small and a youth among them in days, months and years, therefore they call me "Youth" (Na'ar).

Texts in conversation

Compare Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 5:24 and 3 Enoch 4:5

Targum · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

Share:

Summary

The Aramaic translation of Genesis in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan describes Enoch becoming the heavenly scribe Metatron. In 3 Enoch, God appoints Metatron over heaven's rulers, expanding his authority in this Enochic tradition.

Passages

Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 5:24

Targum
21 Enoch lived sixty-five years, and he begot Methuselah. 22 Enoch worshiped in truth before the Lord after he had begotten Methuselah three hundred years, and he begot sons and daughters. 23 All the days of Enoch with the inhabitants of the earth were three hundred and sixty-five years. 24 Enoch worshiped in truth before the Lord, and behold, he was not with the inhabitants of the earth because he was taken away and he ascended to the firmament at the command of the Lord, and he was called Metatron, the Great Scribe. 25 Methuselah lived a hundred and eighty-seven years, and he begot Lamech.
300–1200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

3 Enoch 4:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
5 Hence the Holy One, blessed be He, lifted me up in their lifetime before their eyes to be a witness against them to the future world. And the Holy One, blessed be He, assigned me for a prince and a ruler among the ministering angels. 6 In that hour three of the ministering angels, 'UZZA, 'AZZA and 'AZZAEL came forth and brought charges against me in the high heavens, saying before the Holy One, blessed be He: "Said not the Ancient Ones (First Ones) rightly before You: 'Do not create man!'" The Holy One, blessed be He, answered and said to them: "I have made and I will bear, yes, I will carry and will deliver". (Is. xlvi. 4.)
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... The identification of Enoch with Metatron in both Pseudo-Yonatan and 3 Enoch tends to blur the differences which do exist between these two works. The most notable feature is that 3 Enoch nowhere describes Enoch/Metatron as the heavenly scribe. Indeed, this function is fulfilled by others (18:23–25; 26:1; 27:2; 33:2, Schäfer, Synopse § 859–65, 908, 909, 916). If we compare the picture of Metatron in the story of his confrontation with Elisha b. Avuya in 3 En 16 (Schäfer, Synopse § 856) with the related passage in the Babylonian Talmud (bHag 15a), we find that in the former Metatron is a judge in the heavenly court, whereas in the latter Metatron merely appears as a scribe who has been permitted to write down the merits of Israel (similar to Abel’s role in Recension A of the Testament of Abraham). So in fact the description of Metatron as the great scribe in Pseudo-Yonatan stands much closer to the view in b.Hag, where Metatron is not given anything like the power that he receives in 3 Enoch. ...”
Christopher Rowland and Christopher R. A. Morray-Jones, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 44.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 5:24 and 3 Enoch 4:5

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library