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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 35

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron, the Angel, the Prince of the Presence, said to me: 506 thousand myriads of camps has the Holy One, blessed be He, in the height of Araboth Raqia. And each camp is (composed of) 496 thousand angels. 2 And every single angel, the height of his stature is as the great sea; and the appearance of their faces as the appearance of the lightning, and their eyes as lamps of fire, and their arms and their feet like in colour to polished brass and the roaring voice of their words like the voice of a multitude. 3 And they are all standing before the Throne of Glory in four rows. And the princes of the army are standing at the head of each row. 4 And some of them utter the "Holy" and others utter the "Blessed",⁠ some of them run as messengers, others are standing in attendance, according as it is written (Dan. vii. 10): "Thousand thousands ministered to him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set and the books were opened". 5 And in the hour, when the time draws near to say the "Holy", (then) first there goes forth a whirlwind from before the Holy One, blessed be He, and bursts upon the camp of Shekina and there arises a great commotion among them, as it is written (Jer. xxx. 23): "Behold, the whirlwind of the Lord goes forth with fury, a continuing commotion". 6 At that moment thousand thousands of them are changed into sparks, thousand thousands of them into firebrands, thousand thousands into flashes, thousand thousands into flames, thousand thousands into males, thousand thousands into females, thousand thousands into winds, thousand thousands into burning fires, thousand thousands into flames, thousand thousands into sparks, thousand thousands into chashmals of light; until they take upon themselves the yoke of the kingdom of heaven, the high and lifted up, of the Creator of them all with fear, dread, awe and trembling, with commotion, anguish, terror and trepidation. Then they are changed again into their former shape to have the fear of their King before them always, as they have set their hearts on saying the Song continually, as it is written (Is. vi. 3): "And one cried to another and said (Holy, Holy, Holy, etc.)".

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 6:3 and 3 Enoch 35:4

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Isaiah, the seraphim declare God's holiness to one another in heavenly liturgy. In 3 Enoch, separate groups of angels sing that praise and its response, describing this heavenly worship as an exchange between choirs.

Passages

Isaiah 6:3

Hebrew Bible
1 In the year of King Uzziah’s death, I saw the Lord seated on a high, elevated throne. The hem of his robe filled the temple. 2 Seraphs stood over him; each one had six wings. With two wings they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and they used the remaining two to fly. 3 They called out to one another, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Heaven’s Armies! His majestic splendor fills the entire earth!” 4 The sound of their voices shook the door frames, and the temple was filled with smoke. 5 I said, “Woe to me! I am destroyed, for my lips are contaminated by sin, and I live among people whose lips are contaminated by sin. My eyes have seen the king, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

3 Enoch 35:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
4 And some of them utter the "Holy" and others utter the "Blessed", some of them run as messengers, others are standing in attendance, according as it is written (Dan. vii. 10): "Thousand thousands ministered to him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set and the books were opened". 5 And in the hour, when the time draws near to say the "Holy", (then) first there goes forth a whirlwind from before the Holy One, blessed be He, and bursts upon the camp of Shekina and there arises a great commotion among them, as it is written (Jer. xxx. 23): "Behold, the whirlwind of the Lord goes forth with fury, a continuing commotion".
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... This interpretation of the Qedushah as a call and response finds support in 3 Enoch chapters 34.2 and 35.4, where angels are grouped into “those who say ‘Holy’” and “those who say ‘Blessed’”. Similarly in 3 Enoch 39 the ministering angels recite the “Holy”, and many other groups of named angels fall prostrate and respond “Blessed be the name of his glorious kingdom for ever and ever.” This is a liturgical response which in present-day synagogue liturgy answers the reciting of the Shema. Ezek 3.12 is given in the parallel passage 3 Enoch 48B 2, and also in 3 Enoch 1.12: And when I opened my mouth and sang praises before the throne of glory the holy crea- tures below the throne of glory and above the throne responded after me, saying, Holy, holy, holy, and, Blessed be the glory of the Lord in his dwelling place. Note that here too the context is that of a responsorial liturgy. ...”
R. M. M. Tuschling, Angels and Orthodoxy: A Study in Their Development in Syria and Palestine from the Qumran Texts to Ephrem the Syrian (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2007), 180.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 6:3 and 3 Enoch 35:4

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