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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 22C

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron, the Prince of the Presence, said to me: What is the distance between one bridge and another? 12 myriads of parasangs. Their ascent is 12 myriads of parasangs, and their descent 12 myriads of parasangs. 2 (The distance) between the rivers of dread and the rivers of fear is 22 myriads of parasangs; between the rivers of hail and the rivers of darkness 36 myriads of parasangs; between the chambers of lightnings and the clouds of compassion 42 myriads of parasangs; between the clouds of compassion and the Merkaba 84 myriads of parasangs; between the Merkaba and the Kerubim 148 myriads of parasangs; between the Kerubim and the 'Ophannim 24 myriads of parasangs; between the 'Ophannim and the chambers of chambers 24 myriads of parasangs; between the chambers of chambers and the Holy Chayyoth 40,000 myriads of parasangs; between one wing (of the Chayyoth) and another 12 myriads of parasangs; and the breadth of each one wing is of that same measure; and the distance between the Holy Chayyoth and the Throne of Glory is 30,000 myriads of parasangs. 3 And from the foot of the Throne to the seat there are 40,000 myriads of parasangs. And the name of Him that sits on it: let the name be sanctified! 4 And the arches of the Bow are set above the 'Araboth, and they are 1000 thousands and 10,000 times ten thousands (of parasangs) high. Their measure is after the measure of the 'Irin and Qaddishin (Watchers and Holy Ones). As it is written (Gen. ix. 13) "My bow I have set in the cloud". It is not written here "I will set" but "I have set", (i.e.) already; clouds that surround the Throne of Glory. As His clouds pass by, the angels of hail (turn into) burning coal. 5 And a fire of the voice goes down from by the Holy Chayyoth. And because of the breath of that voice they "run" (Ezek. i. 14) to another place, fearing lest it command them to go; and they "return" lest it injure them from the other side.⁠ Therefore "they run and return" (Ezek. i. 14). 6 And these arches of the Bow are more beautiful and radiant than the radiance of the sun during the summer solstice. And they are whiter than a flaming fire and they are great and beautiful. 7 Above the arches of the Bow are the wheels of the 'Ophannim. Their height is 1000 thousand and 10,000 times 10,000 units of measure after the measure of the Seraphim and the Troops (Gedudim).

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 1:13 and 3 Enoch 22C:5

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Ezekiel, the living creatures are described rushing back and forth through the heavens like lightning. In 3 Enoch, these beings are said to move so quickly because they fear God's voice will hurt them.

Passages

Ezekiel 1:13

Hebrew Bible
12 Each moved straight ahead—wherever the spirit would go, they would go, without turning as they went. 13 In the middle of the living beings was something like burning coals of fire or like torches. It moved back and forth among the living beings. It was bright, and lightning was flashing out of the fire. 14 The living beings moved backward and forward as quickly as flashes of lightning. 15 Then I looked, and I saw one wheel on the ground beside each of the four beings. 16 The appearance of the wheels and their construction was like gleaming jasper, and all four wheels looked alike. Their structure was like a wheel within a wheel.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

3 Enoch 22C:5

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
4 And the arches of the Bow are set above the 'Araboth, and they are 1000 thousands and 10,000 times ten thousands (of parasangs) high. Their measure is after the measure of the 'Irin and Qaddishin (Watchers and Holy Ones). As it is written (Gen. ix. 13) "My bow I have set in the cloud". It is not written here "I will set" but "I have set", (i.e.) already; clouds that surround the Throne of Glory. As His clouds pass by, the angels of hail (turn into) burning coal. 5 And a fire of the voice goes down from by the Holy Chayyoth. And because of the breath of that voice they "run" (Ezek. i. 14) to another place, fearing lest it command them to go; and they "return" lest it injure them from the other side. Therefore "they run and return" (Ezek. i. 14).
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... Although the ocularcentric imagery of the divine Face is still strong in this pas- sage, an aural theophanic dimension is also present in the form of the deity’s speech coming from his mouth. It indicates that not only the sight of the deity poses an imminent danger, but the divine Voice instills terror in the hearts of the heavenly creatures as well. 3 Enoch 22C:5 further unfolds this aural dimen- sion of the danger motif, as it describes the fear of the angelic hosts attempting to hide from the harmful impact of the divine Voice: “the fire of the voice de- scends from the holy creatures, and because of the breath of that voice they ‘run’ to another place, fearing lest it should bid them go; and they ‘return,’ lest it should harm them on the other side; therefore ‘they run and return.’” ...”
Andrei A. Orlov, Yahoel and Metatron: Aural Apocalypticism and the Origins of Early Jewish Mysticism (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017), 174.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 1:13 and 3 Enoch 22C:5

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