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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 22B

1 R. Ishmael said to me: Metatron, the angel, the Prince of the Presence, said to me: How are the angels standing on high? He said: Like a bridge that is placed over a river so that every one can pass over it, likewise a bridge is placed from the beginning of the entry to the end. 2 And three ministering angels surround it and utter a song before YHWH, the God of Israel. And there are standing before it lords of dread and captains of fear, thousand times thousand and ten thousand times ten thousand in number and they sing praise and hymns before YHWH, the God of Israel. 3 Numerous bridges are there: bridges of fire and numerous bridges of hail.⁠ Also numerous rivers of hail, numerous treasuries of snow and numerous wheels of fire. 4 And how many are the ministering angels? 12,000 myriads: six (thousand myriads) above and six (thousand myriads) below. And 12,000 are the treasuries of snow, six above and six below. And 24 myriads of wheels of fire, 12 (myriads) above and 12 (myriads) below. And they surround the bridges and the rivers of fire and the rivers of hail. And there are numerous ministering angels, forming entries, for all the creatures that are standing in the midst of it, corresponding to (over against) the paths of Raqia Shamayim. 5 What does YHWH, the God of Israel, the King of Glory, do? The Great and Fearful God, mighty in strength, covers his face. 6 In Araboth are 660,000 myriads of angels of glory standing over against the Throne of Glory and the divisions of flaming fire. And the King of Glory covers His face; for else the 'Araboth Raqia' would be torn apart in its midst because of the majesty, splendour, beauty, radiance, loveliness, brilliancy, brightness and excellency of the appearance of (the Holy One,) blessed be He. 7 There are numerous ministering angels performing his will, numerous kings, numerous princes in the 'Araboth of his delight, angels who are revered among the rulers in heaven, distinguished, adorned with song and bringing love to remembrance: (who) are frightened by the splendour of the Shekina, and their eyes are dazzled by the shining beauty of their King, their faces grow black and their strength fails. 8 There go forth rivers of joy, streams of gladness, rivers of rejoicing, streams of triumph, rivers of love, streams of friendship (another reading:) of commotion and they flow over and go forth before the Throne of Glory and grow great and go through the gates of the paths of 'Araboth Raqia at the voice of the shouting and music of the CHAYYOTH, at the voice of the rejoicing of the timbrels of his 'OPHANNIM and at the melody of the cymbals of His Kerubim. And they grow great and go forth with commotion with the sound of the hymn: "HOLY, HOLY, HOLY, IS THE LORD OF HOSTS; THE WHOLE EARTH IS FULL OF HIS GLORY!"⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 6:3 and 3 Enoch 22B:8

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Isaiah, the seraphim proclaim that God's glory fills the earth. In 3 Enoch, that praise accompanies rivers of joy flowing through heaven, extending the image of this heavenly liturgy.

Passages

Isaiah 6:3

Hebrew Bible
1 In the year of King Uzziah’s death, I saw the Lord seated on a high, elevated throne. The hem of his robe filled the temple. 2 Seraphs stood over him; each one had six wings. With two wings they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and they used the remaining two to fly. 3 They called out to one another, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Heaven’s Armies! His majestic splendor fills the entire earth!” 4 The sound of their voices shook the door frames, and the temple was filled with smoke. 5 I said, “Woe to me! I am destroyed, for my lips are contaminated by sin, and I live among people whose lips are contaminated by sin. My eyes have seen the king, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

3 Enoch 22B:8

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
8 There go forth rivers of joy, streams of gladness, rivers of rejoicing, streams of triumph, rivers of love, streams of friendship (another reading:) of commotion and they flow over and go forth before the Throne of Glory and grow great and go through the gates of the paths of 'Araboth Raqia at the voice of the shouting and music of the CHAYYOTH, at the voice of the rejoicing of the timbrels of his 'OPHANNIM and at the melody of the cymbals of His Kerubim. And they grow great and go forth with commotion with the sound of the hymn: "HOLY, HOLY, HOLY, IS THE LORD OF HOSTS; THE WHOLE EARTH IS FULL OF HIS GLORY!"
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... The celestial Qedussah 3 Enoch represents the celebration of God's holiness through the recitation of the QeduSSah (the Sanctus) as the central act of heavenly worship. 3 Enoch 35-40 is devoted entirely to this subject. The celestial QeduSSah takes a number of different forms in 3 Enoch: see (1) 22B:8; (2) 1:12; 20:2; (3) 39:1-2; 48B:2. There is a marked absence in 3 Enoch of Merkabah hymns, which are such a striking feature of some Merkabah texts (e.g. Hekalot Rabbati and Ma ca£eh Merkabah). The only heavenly hymns in 3 Enoch are, like the QeduSSah, traditional and biblical. As we have already noted, the Merkabah hymns had a theurgical use and their total absence from 3 Enoch may point to an anti-theurgical tendency in the final redaction of this work. ...”
Philip S. Alexander, “3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983), 1:245.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 6:3 and 3 Enoch 22B:8

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