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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 22B

1 R. Ishmael said to me: Metatron, the angel, the Prince of the Presence, said to me: How are the angels standing on high? He said: Like a bridge that is placed over a river so that every one can pass over it, likewise a bridge is placed from the beginning of the entry to the end. 2 And three ministering angels surround it and utter a song before YHWH, the God of Israel. And there are standing before it lords of dread and captains of fear, thousand times thousand and ten thousand times ten thousand in number and they sing praise and hymns before YHWH, the God of Israel. 3 Numerous bridges are there: bridges of fire and numerous bridges of hail.⁠ Also numerous rivers of hail, numerous treasuries of snow and numerous wheels of fire. 4 And how many are the ministering angels? 12,000 myriads: six (thousand myriads) above and six (thousand myriads) below. And 12,000 are the treasuries of snow, six above and six below. And 24 myriads of wheels of fire, 12 (myriads) above and 12 (myriads) below. And they surround the bridges and the rivers of fire and the rivers of hail. And there are numerous ministering angels, forming entries, for all the creatures that are standing in the midst of it, corresponding to (over against) the paths of Raqia Shamayim. 5 What does YHWH, the God of Israel, the King of Glory, do? The Great and Fearful God, mighty in strength, covers his face. 6 In Araboth are 660,000 myriads of angels of glory standing over against the Throne of Glory and the divisions of flaming fire. And the King of Glory covers His face; for else the 'Araboth Raqia' would be torn apart in its midst because of the majesty, splendour, beauty, radiance, loveliness, brilliancy, brightness and excellency of the appearance of (the Holy One,) blessed be He. 7 There are numerous ministering angels performing his will, numerous kings, numerous princes in the 'Araboth of his delight, angels who are revered among the rulers in heaven, distinguished, adorned with song and bringing love to remembrance: (who) are frightened by the splendour of the Shekina, and their eyes are dazzled by the shining beauty of their King, their faces grow black and their strength fails. 8 There go forth rivers of joy, streams of gladness, rivers of rejoicing, streams of triumph, rivers of love, streams of friendship (another reading:) of commotion and they flow over and go forth before the Throne of Glory and grow great and go through the gates of the paths of 'Araboth Raqia at the voice of the shouting and music of the CHAYYOTH, at the voice of the rejoicing of the timbrels of his 'OPHANNIM and at the melody of the cymbals of His Kerubim. And they grow great and go forth with commotion with the sound of the hymn: "HOLY, HOLY, HOLY, IS THE LORD OF HOSTS; THE WHOLE EARTH IS FULL OF HIS GLORY!"⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Daniel 7:9 and 3 Enoch 22B:3

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Daniel, countless angels surround God beside a river of fire. In 3 Enoch, this scene is expanded to include bridges and many rivers of fire, providing a more detailed image of heaven.

Passages

Daniel 7:9

Hebrew Bible
9 “While I was watching, thrones were set up, and the Ancient of Days took his seat. His attire was white like snow; the hair of his head was like lamb’s wool. His throne was ablaze with fire, and its wheels were all aflame. 10 A river of fire was streaming forth and proceeding from his presence. Many thousands were ministering to him; many tens of thousands stood ready to serve him. The court convened, and the books were opened. 11 “Then I kept on watching because of the arrogant words of the horn that was speaking. I was watching until the beast was killed and its body destroyed and thrown into the flaming fire.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

3 Enoch 22B:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
3 Numerous bridges are there: bridges of fire and numerous bridges of hail. Also numerous rivers of hail, numerous treasuries of snow and numerous wheels of fire. 4 And how many are the ministering angels? 12,000 myriads: six (thousand myriads) above and six (thousand myriads) below. And 12,000 are the treasuries of snow, six above and six below. And 24 myriads of wheels of fire, 12 (myriads) above and 12 (myriads) below. And they surround the bridges and the rivers of fire and the rivers of hail. And there are numerous ministering angels, forming entries, for all the creatures that are standing in the midst of it, corresponding to (over against) the paths of Raqia Shamayim.
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... Following Daniel 7:10 the Merkabah texts speak of a River of Fire that flows out from beneath the throne of glory (3En 36:1). Occasionally more than one River of Fire is mentioned (3En 19:4; 33:4; 37:1). The River of Fire functions in a number of contexts: It is used in accounts of the divine judgment as a symbol of the wrath of God (18:19, 21; 33:4-5); it also forms part of the descriptions of the celestial Sanctus: The angels bathe in the River of Fire before they perform the QeduSSah (36:2). 57 A development of this motif is the speculation on the bridges that span the River of Fire (22B:1, with n. b; 22C:1). ...”
Philip S. Alexander, “3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983), 1:240.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Daniel 7:9 and 3 Enoch 22B:3

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