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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

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Chapter 15B

1 R. Ishmael said: Said to me Metatron, the Prince of the Presence and the prince over all the princes and he stands before Him who is greater than all the Elohim. And he goes in under the Throne of Glory. And he has a great tabernacle of light on high. And he brings forth the fire of deafness and puts (it) into the ears of the Holy Chayyoth, that they may not hear the voice of the Word (Dibbur) that goes forth from the mouth of the Divine Majesty. 2 And when Moses ascended on high, he fasted 121 fasts, till the habitations of the chashmal were opened to him; and he saw the heart within the heart of the Lion and he saw the innumerable companies of the hosts round about him. And they desired to burn him.⁠ But Moses prayed for mercy, first for Israel and after that for himself: and He who sits on the Merkaba opened the windows that are above the heads of the Kerubim. And a host of 1800 advocates and the Prince of the Presence, Metatron, with them went forth to meet Moses. And they took the prayers of Israel and put them as a crown on the head of the Holy One, blessed be He.⁠ 3 And they said (Deut. vi. 4): "Hear, O Israel; the Lord our God is one Lord" and their face shone and rejoiced over Shekina and they said to Metatron: "What are these? And to whom do they give all this honour and glory?" And they answered: "To the Glorious Lord of Israel". And they spoke: "Hear, O Israel: the Lord, our God, is one Lord. To whom shall be given abundance of honour and majesty but to You YHWH, the Divine Majesty, the King, living and eternal". 4 In that moment spoke Akatriel Yah Yehod Sebaoth and said to Metatron, the Prince of the Presence: "Let no prayer that he prays before me return (to him) void. Hear his prayer and fulfil his desire whether (it be) great or small". 5 At once Metatron, the Prince of the Presence, said to Moses: "Son of Amram! Fear not, for now God delights in you. And ask your desire of the Glory and Majesty. For your face shines from one end of the world to the other". But Moses answered him: "(I fear) lest I bring guiltiness upon myself". Metatron said to him: "Receive the letters of the oath, in (by) which there is no breaking the covenant" (which precludes any breach of the covenant).

Texts in conversation

Compare 3 Enoch 15B:2 and Shabbat 88b:8

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Rabbinic

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Summary

In 3 Enoch, Metatron helps Moses when the angels threaten him. Rabbinic tradition in tractate Shabbat describes God similarly protecting Moses so he can answer them.

Passages

3 Enoch 15B:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
2 And when Moses ascended on high, he fasted 121 fasts, till the habitations of the chashmal were opened to him; and he saw the heart within the heart of the Lion and he saw the innumerable companies of the hosts round about him. And they desired to burn him. But Moses prayed for mercy, first for Israel and after that for himself: and He who sits on the Merkaba opened the windows that are above the heads of the Kerubim. And a host of 1800 advocates and the Prince of the Presence, Metatron, with them went forth to meet Moses. And they took the prayers of Israel and put them as a crown on the head of the Holy One, blessed be He.
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

Shabbat 88b:8

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Moses: Provide them with an answer as to why the Torah should be given to the people. Moses said before Him: Master of the Universe, I am afraid lest they burn me with the breath of their mouths. God said to him: Grasp My throne of glory for strength and protection, and provide them with an answer. And from where is this derived? As it is stated: “He causes him to grasp the front of the throne, and spreads His cloud over it” (Job 26:9), and Rabbi Naḥum said: This verse teaches that God spread the radiance of His presence and His cloud over Moses.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Shabbat

References

“... e. The connection between vss. 1 and 2 prob­ ably is the idea that when Moses ascended to heaven to receive the Law, it was Metatron whom he met; see 48D:7; b.Sanh 38b. For other ac­ counts of the ascension of Moses and the oppo­ sition of the angels to it, see b.Shab 88b-89a; MidraS Tanbuma', ed. Buber, vol. 3, 56b; Ged- ullat Moseh, BM, vol. 1, pp. 281-85; Haggadat Sema' Yisra'el, BHM, vol. 5, pp. 165f.; Ma'yan Hokmah, BHM, vol. 1, pp. 58-61; PR 20:4 (ed. Friedmann, 96b); 25:3 (ed. Friedmann, 128a); MidraS Tehillim 8:2 (ed. Buber, 37a-38a); PRE 46; SongR 8:11.2. ...”
Philip S. Alexander, “3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983), 1:303.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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3 Enoch 15B:2 and Shabbat 88b:8

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