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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book

Rabbi Ishmael Ascends to Heaven

Chapter 1

1 And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him (Gen. v. 24). Rabbi Ishmael said: When I ascended on high to behold the vision of the Merkaba and had entered the six Halls, one within the other: 2 as soon as I reached the door of the seventh Hall I stood still in prayer before the Holy One, blessed be He, and, lifting up my eyes on high (i.e. towards the Divine Majesty), I said: 3 "Lord of the Universe, I pray you, that the merit of Aaron, the son of Amram, the lover of peace and pursuer of peace, who received the crown of priesthood from Your Glory on the mount of Sinai, be valid for me in this hour, so that Qafsiel, the prince, and the angels with him may not get power over me nor throw me down from the heavens". 4 At once the Holy One, blessed be He, sent to me Metatron, his Servant ('Ebed) the angel, the Prince of the Presence,⁠ and he, spreading his wings, with great joy came to meet me so as to save me from their hand.⁠ 5 And he took me by his hand in their sight, saying to me: "Enter in peace before the high and exalted King and behold the picture of the Merkaba". 6 Then I entered the seventh Hall, and he led me to the camp(s) of Shekina and placed me before the Holy One, blessed be He, to behold the Merkaba. 7 As soon as the princes of the Merkaba and the flaming Seraphim perceived me, they fixed their eyes upon me. Instantly trembling and shuddering seized me and I fell down⁠ and was benumbed by the radiant image of their eyes and the splendid appearance of their faces; until the Holy One, blessed be He, rebuked them, saying: 8 "My servants, my Seraphim, my Kerubim and my 'Ophannim! Cover your eyes before Ishmael, my son, my friend, my beloved one and my glory, that he tremble not nor shudder!" 9 At once Metatron the Prince of the Presence, came and restored my spirit and put me upon my feet. 10 After that (moment) there was not in me strength enough to say a song before the Throne of Glory of the glorious King, the mightiest of all kings, the most excellent of all princes, until after the hour had passed. 11 After one hour (had passed) the Holy One, blessed be He, opened to me the gates of Shekina, the gates of Peace, the gates of Wisdom, the gates of Strength, the gates of Power, the gates of Speech (Dibbur), the gates of Song, the gates of Qedushsha, the gates of Chant. 12 And he enlightened my eyes and my heart by words of psalm, song, praise, exaltation, thanksgiving, extolment, glorification, hymn and eulogy. And as I opened my mouth, uttering a song before the Holy One, blessed be He, the Holy Chayyoth beneath and above the Throne of Glory answered and said: "HOLY" and "BLESSED BE THE GLORY OF YHWH FROM HIS PLACE!" (i.e. chanted the Qedushsha).⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 63:9 and 3 Enoch 1:4

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Isaiah, the angel of God's presence saves Israel in its time of distress. In 3 Enoch, Metatron is now known by that title and rescues Ishmael from the angels, carrying out that divine role during a human's journey to heaven.

Passages

Isaiah 63:9

Hebrew Bible
7 I will tell of the faithful acts of the Lord, of the Lord’s praiseworthy deeds. I will tell about all the Lord did for us, the many good things he did for the family of Israel, because of his compassion and great faithfulness. 8 He said, “Certainly they will be my people, children who are not disloyal.” He became their deliverer. 9 Through all that they suffered, he suffered too. The messenger sent from his very presence delivered them. In his love and mercy he protected them; he lifted them up and carried them throughout ancient times. 10 But they rebelled and offended his Holy Spirit, so he turned into an enemy and fought against them.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

3 Enoch 1:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
3 "Lord of the Universe, I pray you, that the merit of Aaron, the son of Amram, the lover of peace and pursuer of peace, who received the crown of priesthood from Your Glory on the mount of Sinai, be valid for me in this hour, so that Qafsiel, the prince, and the angels with him may not get power over me nor throw me down from the heavens". 4 At once the Holy One, blessed be He, sent to me Metatron, his Servant ('Ebed) the angel, the Prince of the Presence, and he, spreading his wings, with great joy came to meet me so as to save me from their hand.
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... 1. Prince of the Divine Presence (Sar happdnim): an angel who has the privilege of serving in God's immediate presence; see 3 Enoch 8:1; 48C:7; Hekalot Rabbati 11:1 (BHM, vol. 3, p. 91). It is possible that the idea of the Prince of the Divine Presence may be connected with that of the curtain: note Masseket Hekalot 7 (BHM, vol. 2, p. 46). 3 Enoch frequently calls Metatron Prince of the Divine Presence, but others, such as Suryah in Hekalot Rabbati 14:4 (BHM, vol. 3, p. 94), also bear the title. It is probable that the title is derived from Isaiah 63:9: "In all their affliction he was afflicted, and the angel of his presence [maPakpdndyw] saved them"; cf. Tobit 12:15; Jubilees 1:27; Hekalot Rabbati 3:3 (BHM, vol. 3, p. 85); Cairo Genizah Hekalot B/l, 36 (ed. Gruenwald, p. 369). Note also ...”
Philip S. Alexander, “3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983), 1:242.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 63:9 and 3 Enoch 1:4

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