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2 Timothy

About this book
Chapter 3

1 But understand this, that in the last days difficult times will come.⁠ 2 For people will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, blasphemers, disobedient to parents, ungrateful, unholy, 3 unloving, irreconcilable, slanderers, without self-control, savage, opposed to what is good, 4 treacherous, reckless, conceited, loving pleasure rather than loving God. 5 They will maintain the outward appearance of religion but will have repudiated its power. So avoid people like these. 6 For some of these insinuate themselves into households and captivate weak women who are overwhelmed with sins and led along by various passions. 7 Such women are always seeking instruction, yet never able to arrive at a knowledge of the truth. 8 And just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so these people—who have warped minds and are disqualified in the faith—also oppose the truth.⁠ 9 But they will not go much further, for their foolishness will be obvious to everyone, just like it was with Jannes and Jambres. 10 You, however, have followed my teaching, my way of life, my purpose, my faith, my patience, my love, my endurance, 11 as well as the persecutions and sufferings that happened to me in Antioch, in Iconium, and in Lystra. I endured these persecutions, and the Lord delivered me from them all. 12 Now in fact all who want to live godly lives in Christ Jesus will be persecuted. 13 But evil people and charlatans will go from bad to worse, deceiving others and being deceived themselves. 14 You, however, must continue in the things you have learned and are confident about. You know who taught you 15 and how from infancy you have known the holy writings, which are able to give you wisdom for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. 16 Every scripture is inspired by God and useful for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, 17 that the person dedicated to God may be capable and equipped for every good work.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Timothy 3:8 and Menachot 85a

New Testament · Rabbinic

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Summary

2 Timothy names Jannes and Jambres as opponents of Moses in Pharaoh’s court, a detail not found in the Hebrew Bible. The same figures are also named in other Jewish sources, including Rabbinic tradition in tractate Menachot.

Passages

2 Timothy 3:8

New Testament
6 For some of these insinuate themselves into households and captivate weak women who are overwhelmed with sins and led along by various passions. 7 Such women are always seeking instruction, yet never able to arrive at a knowledge of the truth. 8 And just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so these people—who have warped minds and are disqualified in the faith—also oppose the truth. 9 But they will not go much further, for their foolishness will be obvious to everyone, just like it was with Jannes and Jambres.
70–80 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Timothy

Menachot 85a

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
§ The mishna states: And all meal offerings come only from the optimal produce. One of the places the mishna mentions as having good-quality produce is Aforayim. The superior quality of its produce was so well known that Aforayim was used as an example in colloquial aphorisms. In Moses and Aaron’s first meeting with Pharaoh, Aaron cast his staff to the ground, whereupon it turned into a serpent. Pharaoh’s necromancers then duplicated the feat using their incantations, only to then be confounded when Aaron’s staff swallowed up all of theirs (see Exodus 7:10–12). The Gemara relates the conversation that took place: Pharaoh’s two leading necromancers, Yoḥana and Mamre, said to Moses: Are you are bringing straw to Afarayim? Performing necromancy in Egypt, the world leader in sorcery, is like bringing straw to Afarayim, which is rich in the finest grains. Moses said to them: It is as people say: To a city rich in herbs, take herbs. If you want to guarantee that people will appreciate your merchandise, bring it to a place where they are familiar with it.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Menachot

References

"... Eusebius' Evangelical Preparation cites a testimony from Numenius; also, Jannes was mentioned by Pliny the Elder and Apuleius. Pliny, it may be noted, knew Jannes as a Jewish sorcerer, a point that will later prove to be of some interest, but it was mainly the rabbinical literature that provided a wealth of source material. "Tanquam aura inter stercora", exclaimed Johannes Drusius (1550-1616), when he found references to stories about them in Nathan ben Yehiel's Aruch; Drusius became aware of information in, e.g., Tanchuma Yelamdenu; the Targum attributed to Jonathan; and the Babylonian Talmud (namely, b. Menachot 85a) ..."
Johannes Tromp, “Jannes and Jambres (2 Timothy 3,8–9),” in Moses in Biblical and Extra-Biblical Traditions, ed. Axel Graupner and Michael Wolter (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2007), 211–226.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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  • So that's who they are! interesting.

    Cam Wickline, August 4, 2024

2 Timothy 3:8 and Menachot 85a

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