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About this book

2 Timothy

About this book
Chapter 2

1 So you, my child, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. 2 And what you heard me say in the presence of many witnesses entrust to faithful people who will be competent to teach others as well. 3 Take your share of suffering as a good soldier of Christ Jesus. 4 No one in military service gets entangled in matters of everyday life; otherwise he will not please the one who recruited him. 5 Also, if anyone competes as an athlete, he will not be crowned as the winner unless he competes according to the rules. 6 The farmer who works hard ought to have the first share of the crops. 7 Think about what I am saying and the Lord will give you understanding of all this. 8 Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, a descendant of David; such is my gospel, 9 for which I suffer hardship to the point of imprisonment as a criminal, but God’s message is not imprisoned! 10 So I endure all things for the sake of those chosen by God, that they, too, may obtain salvation in Christ Jesus and its eternal glory. 11 This saying is trustworthy: If we died with him, we will also live with him. 12 If we endure, we will also reign with him. If we deny him, he will also deny us. 13 If we are unfaithful, he remains faithful, since he cannot deny himself. 14 Remind people of these things and solemnly charge them before the Lord not to wrangle over words. This is of no benefit; it just brings ruin on those who listen. 15 Make every effort to present yourself before God as a proven worker who does not need to be ashamed, teaching the message of truth accurately. 16 But avoid profane chatter because those occupied with it will stray further and further into ungodliness, 17 and their message will spread its infection like gangrene. Hymenaeus and Philetus are in this group. 18 They have strayed from the truth by saying that the resurrection has already occurred,⁠ and they are undermining some people’s faith. 19 However, God’s solid foundation remains standing, bearing this seal: “The Lord knows those who are his,”⁠ and “Everyone who confesses the name of the Lord must turn away from evil.”⁠ 20 Now in a wealthy home there are not only gold and silver vessels, but also ones made of wood and of clay, and some are for honorable use, but others for ignoble use. 21 So if someone cleanses himself of such behavior, he will be a vessel for honorable use, set apart, useful for the Master, prepared for every good work. 22 But keep away from youthful passions, and pursue righteousness, faithfulness, love, and peace, in company with others who call on the Lord from a pure heart. 23 But reject foolish and ignorant controversies because you know they breed infighting. 24 And the Lord’s slave must not engage in heated disputes but be kind toward all, an apt teacher, patient, 25 correcting opponents with gentleness. Perhaps God will grant them repentance and then knowledge of the truth, 26 and they will come to their senses and escape the devil’s trap where they are held captive to do his will.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Timothy 2:18 and Gospel of Thomas 51 and Treatise on the Resurrection 10:3

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Second Timothy, it is an error to say the resurrection has already happened. In the Gospel of Thomas and Treatise on the Resurrection, new life has already begun, accepting the idea rejected in the letter.

Passages

2 Timothy 2:18

New Testament
17 and their message will spread its infection like gangrene. Hymenaeus and Philetus are in this group. 18 They have strayed from the truth by saying that the resurrection has already occurred, and they are undermining some people’s faith. 19 However, God’s solid foundation remains standing, bearing this seal: “The Lord knows those who are his,” and “Everyone who confesses the name of the Lord must turn away from evil.”
70–80 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Timothy

Gospel of Thomas 51

Nag Hammadi
50 Jesus said, “If they say to you, ‘Where did you come from?’ say to them, ‘We came from the light, from the place where the light came into being by itself, established itself, and appeared in their image.’ If they say to you, ‘Is it you?’ say, ‘We are its children, and we are the elect of the living Father.’ If they ask you, ‘What is the sign of your Father in you?’ say to them, ‘It is movement and repose.’” 51 His disciples said to him, “When will the repose of the dead come about, and when will the new world come?” He said to them, “What you look forward to has already come, but you do not recognize it.” 52 His disciples said to him, “Twenty-four prophets spoke in Israel, and all of them spoke about you.” He said to them, “You have omitted the Living One who is in your presence and have spoken only of the dead.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

Treatise on the Resurrection 10:3

Nag Hammadi · Letter to Rheginos
Instead, flee divisions and bondages, and you will experience the resurrection now. Because if what is mortal knows that it will die, even though it passes many years in this life, it arrives at this: Why not consider yourself as risen and having arrived? If you possess the resurrection, why continue acting as if you will still die?
170–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Treatise on the Resurrection

References

“... Second, the emphasis on the futurity of resurrection and judgment counterbalances an overrealized eschatology such as that already found among the false teachers criticized in 2 Timothy 1:18 (cf. Polycarp Phil. 7.1; and see Donfried, 103–7, 141–45 on this motivation in 1–2 Clem.). [...] In the documents that show gnostic traits three features highlight the contrast with orthodoxy. [...] Second, they affirm that resurrection has already been experienced by Christians, sometimes with an appeal to texts such as Ephesians 2:5–6 or Colossians 3:1–4. In Gospel of Thomas 51 Jesus’ disciples ask when the repose of the dead and the new world will come, and Jesus replies: “What you expect has come, but you do not know it.” The Treatise on Resurrection makes a similar affirmation (Treat. Res. 43.35—44.2) and appeals to Rheginos: “Do not live in conformity with this flesh . . . but flee from the state of dispersion and bondage, and then you already have resurrection” (Treat. Res. 49.9-16). [...] The NT vision of the resurrection of all God’s people at Christ’s coming has been reinterpreted as resurrection as a present spiritual experience and a return at death to the heavenly world. ...”
Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids, eds., Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Developments (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997), 1453–1454.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Timothy 2:18 and Gospel of Thomas 51 and Treatise on the Resurrection 10:3

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