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2 Thessalonians

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Finally, pray for us, brothers and sisters, that the Lord’s message may spread quickly and be honored as in fact it was among you, 2 and that we may be delivered from perverse and evil people. For not all have faith. 3 But the Lord is faithful, and he will strengthen you and protect you from the evil one. 4 And we are confident about you in the Lord that you are both doing—and will do—what we are commanding. 5 Now may the Lord direct your hearts toward the love of God and the endurance of Christ. 6 But we command you, brothers and sisters, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to keep away from any brother who lives an undisciplined life and not according to the tradition they received from us. 7 For you know yourselves how you must imitate us, because we did not behave without discipline among you, 8 and we did not eat anyone’s food without paying. Instead, in toil and drudgery we worked night and day in order not to burden any of you.⁠ 9 It was not because we do not have that right, but to give ourselves as an example for you to imitate. 10 For even when we were with you, we used to give you this command: “If anyone is not willing to work, neither should he eat.” 11 For we hear that some among you are living an undisciplined life, not doing their own work but meddling in the work of others. 12 Now such people we command and urge in the Lord Jesus Christ to work quietly and so provide their own food to eat. 13 But you, brothers and sisters, do not grow weary in doing what is right. 14 But if anyone does not obey our message through this letter, take note of him and do not associate closely with him, so that he may be ashamed. 15 Yet do not regard him as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother. 16 Now may the Lord of peace himself give you peace at all times and in every way. The Lord be with you all. 17 I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, which is how I write in every letter. 18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Thessalonians 3:8 and Pirkei Avot 4:5

New Testament · Rabbinic

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Summary

2 Thessalonians teaches that those in religious work should provide for themselves rather than relying on others. This is similar to Rabbinic tradition in Pirkei Avot, which teaches to not use the Torah as a way of making a living.

Passages

2 Thessalonians 3:8

New Testament
6 But we command you, brothers and sisters, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, to keep away from any brother who lives an undisciplined life and not according to the tradition they received from us. 7 For you know yourselves how you must imitate us, because we did not behave without discipline among you, 8 and we did not eat anyone’s food without paying. Instead, in toil and drudgery we worked night and day in order not to burden any of you. 9 It was not because we do not have that right, but to give ourselves as an example for you to imitate. 10 For even when we were with you, we used to give you this command: “If anyone is not willing to work, neither should he eat.” 11 For we hear that some among you are living an undisciplined life, not doing their own work but meddling in the work of others. 12 Now such people we command and urge in the Lord Jesus Christ to work quietly and so provide their own food to eat. 13 But you, brothers and sisters, do not grow weary in doing what is right.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Thessalonians

Pirkei Avot 4:5

Rabbinic · Mishnah
4 Rabbi Levitas a man of Yavneh said: be exceedingly humble in spirit, for the end of man is the worm. Rabbi Yohanan ben Berokah said: whoever profanes the name of Heaven in secret will be punished in the open. Unwittingly or wittingly, it is all one in profaning the name. 5 Rabbi Ishmael his son said: He who learns in order to teach, it is granted to him to study and to teach; but he who learns in order to practice, it is granted to him to learn and to teach and to practice. Rabbi Zadok said: Do not separate yourself from the community. Do not act as an advocate while serving as a judge. Do not make the Torah a crown for self-exaltation, nor a spade with which to dig. So too Hillel used to say: "Whoever puts the crown to his own use will perish." Thus you have learned: anyone who derives worldly benefit from the words of the Torah removes his life from the world. 6 Rabbi Yose said: whoever honors the Torah is himself honored by others, and whoever dishonors the Torah is himself dishonored by others. 7 Rabbi Ishmael his son said: he who refrains from judgment rids himself of enmity, robbery, and false swearing; but he whose heart is presumptuous in giving a judicial decision is foolish, wicked, and arrogant. 8 He used to say: do not judge alone, for no one may judge alone except One. And do not say "accept my view," for the choice is theirs, not yours.
190–230 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pirkei Avot

References

"... The Mishnah states that no one should use the Torah as a 'spade' for the digging of wealth (Pirkei Avot 4:5). Hence, teachers and sages are often linked with various occupations and trades. These include that of woodchopper (Hillel), surveyor (Shammai), blacksmith (Joshua), tanner (Ishmael), and water-carrier (Huna) (compare Pirkei Avot 2:2). Paul's activity as a leather-worker (Acts 18:3) reflects this custom of not receiving payment for religious teaching (compare Acts 20:34; 2 Corinthians 11:7-8; 1 Thessalonians 2:9; 2 Thessalonians 3:8) ..."
Marvin R. Wilson, Our Father Abraham: Jewish Roots of the Christian Faith (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1989), 300.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Thessalonians 3:8 and Pirkei Avot 4:5

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