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2 Thessalonians

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Now regarding the arrival of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to be with him, we ask you, brothers and sisters,⁠ 2 not to be easily shaken from your composure or disturbed by any kind of spirit or message or letter allegedly from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord is already here. 3 Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not arrive until the rebellion comes and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction.⁠ 4 He opposes and exalts himself above every so-called god or object of worship,⁠ and as a result he takes his seat in God’s temple, displaying himself as God.⁠ 5 Surely you recall that I used to tell you these things while I was still with you. 6 And so you know what holds him back, so that he will be revealed in his own time. 7 For the hidden power of lawlessness is already at work.⁠ However, the one who holds him back will do so until he is taken out of the way, 8 and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth⁠ and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival.⁠ 9 The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders, 10 and with every kind of evil deception directed against those who are perishing, because they found no place in their hearts for the truth so as to be saved. 11 Consequently God sends on them a deluding influence so that they will believe what is false.⁠ 12 And so all of them who have not believed the truth but have delighted in evil will be condemned. 13 But we ought to thank God always for you, brothers and sisters loved by the Lord, because God chose you from the beginning for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and faith in the truth. 14 He called you to this salvation through our gospel, so that you may possess the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. 15 Therefore, brothers and sisters, stand firm and hold on to the traditions that we taught you, whether by speech or by letter. 16 Now may our Lord Jesus Christ himself and God our Father, who loved us and by grace gave us eternal comfort and good hope, 17 encourage your hearts and strengthen you in every good thing you do or say.

Texts in conversation

Compare 4 Ezra 13:10 and 2 Thessalonians 2:8

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

4 Ezra describes a man rising from the sea who destroys his enemies with a stream of fire from his mouth. 2 Thessalonians uses similar apocalyptic imagery, describing how God will destroy the lawless one with the breath of his mouth.

Passages

4 Ezra 13:10

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · 2 Esdras
9 Behold, as he saw the assault of the multitude that came, he didn’t lift up his hand, or hold a spear or any weapon of war; 10 but I saw only how he sent out of his mouth something like a flood of fire, and out of his lips a flaming breath, and out of his tongue he shot out a storm of sparks. 11 These were all mixed together: the flood of fire, the flaming breath, and the great storm, and fell upon the assault of the multitude which was prepared to fight, and burned up every one of them, so that all of a sudden an innumerable multitude was seen to be nothing but the dust of ashes and the smell of smoke. When I saw this, I was amazed.
70–132 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4 Ezra

2 Thessalonians 2:8

New Testament
7 For the hidden power of lawlessness is already at work. However, the one who holds him back will do so until he is taken out of the way, 8 and then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord will destroy by the breath of his mouth and wipe out by the manifestation of his arrival. 9 The arrival of the lawless one will be by Satan’s working with all kinds of miracles and signs and false wonders,
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Thessalonians

References

... find testimonies not only in Revelation 19.15, 21, but also in, for instance, 4 Ezra 13.10: 'I [Ezra] saw only how he ["the man from the sea", God's agent] sent forth from his mouth as it were a stream of fire, and from his lips a flaming breath' (translated by B. M. Metzger, in Charlesworth 1983:551). Isaiah's parallelism has been contracted, in 2 Thessalonians, to 'killing with the breath of his mouth'. This phrase suggests that the lawless one will not withstand the slightest activity on the part of the Lord Jesus: the latter has only to breathe to kill the former. The contraction may have been influenced by the wording of Psalm 33.6, where it is said that God made 'the host of heavens' 'by the breath of his mouth'. If this text is in the background, then we have here again an instance of the transfer of divine predicates to Jesus ...
Maarten J. J. Menken, 2 Thessalonians, New Testament Readings (London: Routledge, 1994), 114.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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4 Ezra 13:10 and 2 Thessalonians 2:8

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