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2 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 5

1 All the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron saying, “Look, we are your very flesh and blood! 2 In the past, when Saul was our king, you were the real leader in Israel. The Lord said to you, ‘You will shepherd my people Israel; you will rule over Israel.’”⁠ 3 When all the leaders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, King David made an agreement with them in Hebron before the Lord. They designated David as king over Israel. 4 David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for forty years. 5 In Hebron he reigned over Judah for seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned for thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah. 6 Then the king and his men advanced to Jerusalem against the Jebusites who lived in the land.⁠ The Jebusites said to David, “You cannot invade this place! Even the blind and the lame will turn you back, saying, ‘David cannot invade this place!’” 7 But David captured the fortress of Zion (that is, the City of David). 8 David said on that day, “Whoever attacks the Jebusites must approach the ‘lame’ and the ‘blind’ who are David’s enemies by going through the water tunnel.” For this reason it is said, “The blind and the lame cannot enter the palace.” 9 So David lived in the fortress and called it the City of David. David built all around it, from the terrace inwards. 10 David’s power grew steadily, for the Lord God of Heaven’s Armies was with him. 11 King Hiram of Tyre sent messengers to David, along with cedar logs, carpenters, and stonemasons. They built a palace for David. 12 David realized that the Lord had established him as king over Israel and that he had elevated his kingdom for the sake of his people Israel. 13 David married more concubines and wives from Jerusalem after he arrived from Hebron. Even more sons and daughters were born to David. 14 These are the names of children born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon, 15 Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, Japhia, 16 Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet. 17 When the Philistines heard that David had been designated king over Israel, they all went up to search for David. When David heard about it, he went down to the fortress. 18 Now the Philistines had arrived and spread out in the valley of Rephaim. 19 So David asked the Lord, “Should I march up against the Philistines? Will you hand them over to me?” The Lord said to David, “March up, for I will indeed hand the Philistines over to you.” 20 So David marched against Baal Perazim and defeated them there.⁠ Then he said, “The Lord has burst out against my enemies like water bursts out.” So he called the name of that place Baal Perazim. 21 The Philistines abandoned their idols there, and David and his men picked them up. 22 The Philistines again came up and spread out in the valley of Rephaim. 23 So David asked the Lord what he should do. This time the Lord said to him, “Don’t march straight up. Instead, circle around behind them and come against them opposite the trees. 24 When you hear the sound of marching in the tops of the trees, act decisively. For at that moment the Lord is going before you to strike down the army of the Philistines.” 25 David did just as the Lord commanded him, and he struck down the Philistines from Gibeon all the way to Gezer.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 28:21 and 2 Samuel 5:20

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In 2 Samuel 5, David defeats the Philistines at a place he names Baal Perazim, saying that his enemies were swept away like a flood. Isaiah 28 later recalls this event, describing future judgment as God rising up as he did at Baal Perazim.

Passages

Isaiah 28:21

Hebrew Bible
19 Whenever it sweeps by, it will overtake you; indeed, every morning it will sweep by, it will come through during the day and the night.” When this announcement is understood, it will cause nothing but terror. 20 For the bed is too short to stretch out on, and the blanket is too narrow to wrap around oneself. 21 For the Lord will rise up, as he did at Mount Perazim; he will rouse himself, as he did in the Valley of Gibeon, to accomplish his work, his peculiar work, to perform his task, his strange task. 22 So now, do not mock, or your chains will become heavier! For I have heard a message about decreed destruction, from the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies against the entire land. 23 Pay attention and listen to my message. Be attentive and listen to what I have to say!
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

2 Samuel 5:20

Hebrew Bible
18 Now the Philistines had arrived and spread out in the valley of Rephaim. 19 So David asked the Lord, “Should I march up against the Philistines? Will you hand them over to me?” The Lord said to David, “March up, for I will indeed hand the Philistines over to you.” 20 So David marched against Baal Perazim and defeated them there. Then he said, “The Lord has burst out against my enemies like water bursts out.” So he called the name of that place Baal Perazim. 21 The Philistines abandoned their idols there, and David and his men picked them up. 22 The Philistines again came up and spread out in the valley of Rephaim.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

References

"... Amos’s use of the language of “darkness” to describe the judgment theophany of Yahweh clearly indicates that his concept of the Day of the Lord was based upon a prophetic revitalization of Israel’s ancient holy war traditions. The novelty which arises from this revitalization in Amos 5:18-20 does not consist in the idea that the judgment theophany of Yahweh will be “darkness,” but in the reality that the Day of the Lord will now be directed against Israel. Von Rad further notes that Isaiah twice connects the eschatological event of war with one of the holy wars of the past (compare Isaiah 9:4 with Judges 7, and Isaiah 28:21 with 2 Samuel 5:20, 25), confirming the hypothesis that Israel’s saving traditions, rather than a preexisting eschatological tradition derived from mythological actualization practices, or a previously existing Volkseschatologie (popular eschatology), is the basis for the Day of the Lord in the prophets ..."
Donald C. Collett, “Prophetic Intentionality and the Book of the Twelve: A Study in the Hermeneutics of Prophecy” (PhD diss., University of St Andrews, 2007), 84.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 28:21 and 2 Samuel 5:20

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