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2 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 24

1 The Lord’s anger again raged against Israel, and he incited David against them, saying, “Go count Israel and Judah.”⁠ 2 The king told Joab, the general in command of his army, “Go through all the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beer Sheba and muster the army, so I may know the size of the army.” 3 Joab replied to the king, “May the Lord your God make the army a hundred times larger right before the eyes of my lord the king! But why does my master the king want to do this?” 4 But the king’s edict stood, despite the objections of Joab and the leaders of the army. So Joab and the leaders of the army left the king’s presence in order to muster the Israelite army. 5 They crossed the Jordan and camped at Aroer, on the south side of the city, at the wadi of Gad, near Jazer. 6 Then they went on to Gilead and to the region of Tahtim Hodshi, coming to Dan Jaan and on around to Sidon. 7 Then they went to the fortress of Tyre and all the cities of the Hivites and the Canaanites. Then they went on to the Negev of Judah, to Beer Sheba. 8 They went through all the land and after nine months and twenty days came back to Jerusalem. 9 Joab reported the number of warriors to the king. In Israel there were 800,000 sword-wielding warriors, and in Judah there were 500,000 soldiers.⁠ 10 David felt guilty after he had numbered the army. David said to the Lord, “I have sinned greatly by doing this! Now, O Lord, please remove the guilt of your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.” 11 When David got up the next morning, the Lord’s message had already come to the prophet Gad, David’s seer: 12 “Go, tell David, ‘This is what the Lord has said: I am offering you three forms of judgment. Pick one of them and I will carry it out against you.’” 13 Gad went to David and told him, “Shall seven years of famine come upon your land? Or shall you flee for three months from your enemies with them in hot pursuit? Or shall there be three days of plague in your land? Now decide what I should tell the one who sent me.” 14 David said to Gad, “I am very upset! I prefer that we be attacked by the Lord, for his mercy is great; I do not want to be attacked by human hands!”⁠ 15 So the Lord sent a plague through Israel from the morning until the completion of the appointed time, and 70,000 people died from Dan to Beer Sheba.⁠ 16 When the angel extended his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the Lord relented from his judgment.⁠ He told the angel who was killing the people, “That’s enough! Stop now!”⁠ (Now the angel of the Lord was near the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.) 17 When he saw the angel who was destroying the people, David said to the Lord, “Look, it is I who have sinned and done this evil thing! As for these sheep—what have they done? Attack me and my family.” 18 So Gad went to David that day and told him, “Go up and build an altar for the Lord on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.” 19 So David went up as Gad instructed him to do, according to the Lord’s instructions. 20 When Araunah looked out and saw the king and his servants approaching him, he went out and bowed to the king with his face to the ground. 21 Araunah said, “Why has my lord the king come to his servant?” David replied, “To buy from you the threshing floor so I can build an altar for the Lord, so that the plague may be removed from the people.” 22 Araunah told David, “My lord the king may take whatever he wishes and offer it. Look! Here are oxen for burnt offerings, and threshing sledges and harnesses for wood. 23 I, the servant of my lord the king, give it all to the king!” Araunah also told the king, “May the Lord your God show you favor!” 24 But the king said to Araunah, “No, I insist on buying it from you! I will not offer to the Lord my God burnt sacrifices that cost me nothing.” So David bought the threshing floor and the oxen for 50 pieces of silver.⁠ 25 Then David built an altar for the Lord there and offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings. And the Lord accepted prayers for the land, and the plague was removed from Israel.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Samuel 24:16 and 2 Kings 19:35

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

2 Samuel and 2 Kings describe a divine or angelic figure causing widespread death. These reflect an ancient Near Eastern tradition of a divinely sent destroyer, similar to plague deities like Erra or Namtar who carry out destruction by divine command.

Passages

2 Samuel 24:16

Hebrew Bible
14 David said to Gad, “I am very upset! I prefer that we be attacked by the Lord, for his mercy is great; I do not want to be attacked by human hands!” 15 So the Lord sent a plague through Israel from the morning until the completion of the appointed time, and 70,000 people died from Dan to Beer Sheba. 16 When the angel extended his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the Lord relented from his judgment. He told the angel who was killing the people, “That’s enough! Stop now!” (Now the angel of the Lord was near the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.) 17 When he saw the angel who was destroying the people, David said to the Lord, “Look, it is I who have sinned and done this evil thing! As for these sheep—what have they done? Attack me and my family.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

2 Kings 19:35

Hebrew Bible
32 So this is what the Lord has said about the king of Assyria: “He will not enter this city, nor will he shoot an arrow here. He will not attack it with his shield-carrying warriors, nor will he build siege works against it. 33 He will go back the way he came. He will not enter this city,” says the Lord. 34 “‘I will shield this city and rescue it for the sake of my reputation and because of my promise to David my servant.’” 35 That very night the angel of the Lord went out and killed 185,000 in the Assyrian camp. When they got up early the next morning, there were all the corpses. 36 So King Sennacherib of Assyria broke camp and went on his way. He went home and stayed in Nineveh.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Kings

References

"... Mashit is often used as a simple term relating to destruction, and can refer to national destruction, as in 1 Samuel 13:17, 14:15, Jeremiah 2:30, 4:7, and Judges 20:42; to self-destructive behavior, as in Proverbs 6:32; or to religious abomination, as in 2 Kings 23:13 and Isaiah 1:4. Most often, however, the term is used to refer to destruction by Yahweh, either directly or through angels or other means, as in Genesis 19:13-14, Exodus 12:13, 2 Samuel 24:16 and 1 Chronicles 21:12-15, Ezekiel 5:16, 9:6-8, and Jeremiah 22:7. Genesis 19:13-14 demonstrates the parallel use of the verb for destruction by Yahweh and by his angels: in verse 13, the angels say, “For we are about to destroy this place”, and in verse 14, Lot gives his family the same warning, “For Yahweh is about to destroy the city”. The term mashit is also used as a title for a type of divine being, however, as for the character who passes over Israel in Egypt in Exodus 12:23, and the angel in the census in 1 Chronicles 21 ... Meier emphasizes the distinct role of the Destroyer as that of annihilating large groups of people. He compares the Near Eastern plague deities, and specifically Erra in the Erra Epic and Namtar in Atrahasis. Some scholars refer to the angel of 2 Kings 19:35 as similar to the mashit of Exodus 12:23 as well, but it should be noted that in this case not only is the title not used, the verb does not appear at all ..."
Esther J. Hamori, When Gods Were Men: The Embodied God in Biblical and Near Eastern Literature (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2008), 124–125.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Samuel 24:16 and 2 Kings 19:35

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