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2 Peter

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Dear friends, this is already the second letter I have written you, in which I am trying to stir up your pure mind by way of reminder: 2 I want you to recall both the predictions foretold by the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through your apostles. 3 Above all, understand this: In the last days blatant scoffers will come, being propelled by their own evil urges⁠ 4 and saying, “Where is his promised return? For ever since our ancestors died, all things have continued as they were from the beginning of creation.” 5 For they deliberately suppress this fact, that by the word of God heavens existed long ago and an earth was formed out of water and by means of water. 6 Through these things the world existing at that time was destroyed when it was deluged with water.⁠ 7 But by the same word the present heavens and earth have been reserved for fire, by being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly. 8 Now, dear friends, do not let this one thing escape your notice, that a single day is like a thousand years with the Lord and a thousand years are like a single day.⁠ 9 The Lord is not slow concerning his promise, as some regard slowness, but is being patient toward you because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.⁠ 10 But the day of the Lord will come like a thief; when it comes, the heavens will disappear with a horrific noise, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze,⁠ and the earth and every deed done on it will be laid bare.⁠ 11 Since all these things are to melt away in this manner, what sort of people must you be, conducting your lives in holiness and godliness,⁠ 12 while waiting for and hastening the coming of the day of God?⁠ Because of this day, the heavens will be burned up and dissolve, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze! 13 But, according to his promise, we are waiting for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness truly resides.⁠ 14 Therefore, dear friends, since you are waiting for these things, strive to be found at peace, without spot or blemish, when you come into his presence. 15 And regard the patience of our Lord as salvation, just as also our dear brother Paul wrote to you, according to the wisdom given to him, 16 speaking of these things in all his letters. Some things in these letters are hard to understand, things the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they also do to the rest of the scriptures. 17 Therefore, dear friends, since you have been forewarned, be on your guard that you do not get led astray by the error of these unprincipled men and fall from your firm grasp on the truth. 18 But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be the honor both now and on that eternal day.

Texts in conversation

Compare Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 19:13 and 2 Peter 3:12

Classical · New Testament

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Summary

Pseudo-Philo and 2 Peter describe a future when time will speed up and cosmic signals depict the coming of divine renewal. In each, the speeding up of events is connected to human behavior, suggesting people can help bring the end sooner.

Passages

Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 19:13

Classical
12 “I will take you from here and lay you down to sleep with your fathers, and I will give you rest in your resting place and bury you in peace. All the angels will mourn over you, and the heavenly hosts will grieve. But no angel or mortal will know the place where you are buried, until I visit the world. I will raise up you and your fathers from the earth in which you sleep, and you will come together and dwell in the immortal dwelling place that is not subject to time. 13 “This heaven will be in my sight like a fleeting cloud, like yesterday when it is past. When I draw near to visit the world, I will command the years and order the times, and they will be shortened. The stars will hasten, the light of the sun will hurry to set, and the light of the moon will not endure, because I will hasten to raise up you who sleep, so that all who are able to live may dwell in the place of holiness that I showed you.”
1–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities

2 Peter 3:12

New Testament
11 Since all these things are to melt away in this manner, what sort of people must you be, conducting your lives in holiness and godliness, 12 while waiting for and hastening the coming of the day of God? Because of this day, the heavens will be burned up and dissolve, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze! 13 But, according to his promise, we are waiting for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness truly resides.
120–130 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Peter

References

"... Rabbi Joshua maintains the traditional apocalyptic appeal to the sovereignty of God, who has determined the time of the End. When the appointed time arrives, the eschatological redemption will come as God’s sovereign grace to Israel, in no way dependent on Israel’s preparation. Rabbi Eliezer, on the other hand, makes the coming of redemption conditional on Israel’s repentance. The idea of Israel’s repentance before the End was not new, but the view that it is a condition for the arrival of redemption is at least rare in the earlier literature, though it subsequently became a common rabbinic view. It seems probable that Eliezer’s saying represents a reaction to the disaster of AD 70, when hopes of redemption were dashed and Israel experienced instead a catastrophe which could only be interpreted as divine punishment. The conclusion must be that Israel was unworthy of redemption. Only when Israel repented would redemption come ... * Midrash Tanhuma Behuqutai 5. The use of Isaiah 60:22 with reference to this issue is well attested for this period: 2 Baruch 20:1; 54:1; 83:1; Epistle of Barnabas 4:3; compare also Pseudo-Philo Biblical Antiquities 19:13; 2 Peter 3:12 ..."
Richard Bauckham, The Jewish World around the New Testament: Collected Essays I (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008), 72–73.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 19:13 and 2 Peter 3:12

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