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About this book

2 Peter

About this book
Chapter 2

1 But false prophets arose among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. These false teachers will infiltrate your midst with destructive heresies, even to the point of denying the Master who bought them. As a result, they will bring swift destruction on themselves. 2 And many will follow their debauched lifestyles. Because of these false teachers, the way of truth will be slandered. 3 And in their greed they will exploit you with deceptive words. Their condemnation pronounced long ago is not sitting idly by; their destruction is not asleep. 4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but threw them into Tartarus16⁠ and locked them up in chains in utter darkness,⁠ to be kept until the judgment,⁠ 5 and if he did not spare the ancient world, but did protect Noah, a herald of righteousness,⁠ along with seven others, when God brought a flood on an ungodly world,⁠ 6 and if he turned to ashes the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah when he condemned them to destruction, having appointed them to serve as an example to future generations of the ungodly, 7 and if he rescued Lot, a righteous man in anguish over the debauched lifestyle of lawless men,⁠ 8 (for while he lived among them day after day, that righteous man was tormented in his righteous soul by the lawless deeds he saw and heard) 9 —if so, then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from their trials, and to reserve the unrighteous for punishment at the day of judgment, 10 especially those who indulge their fleshly desires and who despise authority. Brazen and insolent, they are not afraid to insult the glorious ones, 11 yet even angels, who are much more powerful, do not bring a slanderous judgment against them in the presence of the Lord. 12 But these men, like irrational animals—creatures of instinct, born to be caught and destroyed—do not understand whom they are insulting, and consequently in their destruction they will be destroyed, 13 suffering harm as the wages for their harmful ways. By considering it a pleasure to carouse in broad daylight, they are stains and blemishes, indulging in their deceitful pleasures when they feast together with you.⁠ 14 Their eyes, full of adultery, never stop sinning; they entice unstable people. They have trained their hearts for greed, these cursed children! 15 By forsaking the right path they have gone astray, because they followed the way of Balaam son of Bosor, who loved the wages of unrighteousness,⁠ 16 yet was rebuked for his own transgression (a dumb donkey, speaking with a human voice, restrained the prophet’s madness). 17 These men are waterless springs and mists driven by a storm, for whom the utter depths of darkness have been reserved. 18 For by speaking high-sounding but empty words they are able to entice, with fleshly desires and with debauchery, people who have just escaped from those who reside in error. 19 Although these false teachers promise such people freedom, they themselves are enslaved to immorality. For whatever a person succumbs to, to that he is enslaved. 20 For if after they have escaped the filthy things of the world through the rich knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they again get entangled in them and succumb to them, their last state has become worse for them than their first.⁠ 21 For it would have been better for them never to have known the way of righteousness than, having known it, to turn back from the holy commandment that had been delivered to them. 22 They are illustrations of this true proverb: “A dog returns to its own vomit,”⁠ and “A sow, after washing herself, wallows in the mire.”

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 18:11 and 2 Peter 2:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

1 Enoch and 2 Peter share a view of Tartarus as a fiery prison for the Watchers. Drawn from Greek cosmology, it is described beneath heaven and earth, empty of life, showing contact between Jewish apocalyptic thought and Greek traditions.

Passages

1 Enoch 18:11

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
9 And I saw a flaming fire. 10 And beyond these mountains is a region at the end of the great earth: there the heavens were completed. 11 And I saw a deep abyss, with columns of heavenly fire, and among them I saw columns of fire fall, which were beyond measure alike in height and depth. 12 And beyond that abyss I saw a place which had no dome of heaven above, and no firmly founded earth beneath it; there was no water upon it, and no birds, but it was a waste and horrible place. 13 I saw there seven stars like great burning mountains, and to me, when I inquired about them, 14 The angel said: 'This place is the end of heaven and earth; this has become a prison for the stars and the army of heaven.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

2 Peter 2:4

New Testament
3 And in their greed they will exploit you with deceptive words. Their condemnation pronounced long ago is not sitting idly by; their destruction is not asleep. 4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but threw them into Tartarus16 and locked them up in chains in utter darkness, to be kept until the judgment, 5 and if he did not spare the ancient world, but did protect Noah, a herald of righteousness, along with seven others, when God brought a flood on an ungodly world,
120–130 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Peter

References

"... In 1 Enoch 18:11 and 19:1–2, Uriel serves as the interpreting angel for sites comparable to Tartarus especially since the chasm is a sort of prison for the infamous watchers. In 2 Peter 2:4, in fact, the name of the watchers’ place of imprisonment is Tartarus. When we recall that the watchers’ prison in 1 Enoch 18:11, χάσμα μέγα/neqʿata ʿemuqa, is strikingly similar to Hesiod’s prison of the titans (also χάσμα μέγ’), the site described in 1 Enoch 18:11 and later explained in 1 Enoch 19:1–2 appears an excellent candidate for a type of Tartarus ..."
Kelley Coblentz Bautch, A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17–19: "No One Has Seen What I Have Seen", JSJSup 81 (Leiden: Brill, 2003), 134.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 18:11 and 2 Peter 2:4

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