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2 Maccabees

About this book

Traditions about the Temple and Its Sacred Books

Chapter 2

1 It is also found in the records that Jeremiah the prophet commanded those who were carried away to take some of the fire, as has been mentioned, 2 and how that the prophet charged those who were carried away, having given them the law, that they should not forget the statutes of the Lord or be led astray in their minds when they saw images of gold and silver, and their adornment.⁠ 3 With other such words he exhorted them, that the law should not depart from their hearts. 4 It was in the writing that the prophet, being warned by God, commanded that the tabernacle and the ark should follow with him, when he went out to the mountain where Moses had gone up and saw God’s inheritance. 5 Jeremiah came and found a cave, he brought the tabernacle, the ark, and the altar of incense into it; then he sealed the entrance.⁠ 6 Some of those who followed with him came there that they might mark the way, and could not find it. 7 But when Jeremiah learned about that, he rebuked them, saying, “The place shall be unknown until God gathers the people together again and shows mercy. 8 Then the Lord will disclose these things, and the glory of the Lord shall be seen with the cloud, as it was also shown to Moses, also as Solomon implored that the place might be consecrated greatly, 9 and it was also declared that he, having wisdom, offered a sacrifice of dedication, and of the finishing of the temple. 10 As Moses prayed to the Lord and fire came down out of heaven and consumed the sacrifice, even so Solomon also prayed, and the fire came down and consumed the burnt offerings. 11 Moses said, ‘Because the sin offering had not been eaten, it was consumed⁠ in like manner.’ 12 Likewise Solomon kept the eight days.” 13 The same things were reported both in the public archives and in Nehemiah’s records, and also how he, founding a library, gathered together the books about the kings and prophets, and the writings of David, and letters of kings about sacred gifts. 14 In like manner Judas also gathered together for us all those books that had been scattered by reason of the war, and they are still with us. 15 If therefore you have need of them, send some people to bring them to you. 16 Seeing then that we are about to celebrate the purification, we write to you. You will therefore do well if you celebrate the days. 17 Now God, who saved all his people, and restored the heritage to all, with the kingdom, the priesthood, and the consecration, 18 even as he promised through the law—in God have we hope, that he will soon have mercy upon us, and gather us together out of everywhere under heaven into his holy place; for he delivered us out of great evils, and purified the place. ———————

The Author Explains His Abridgment

19 Now the things concerning Judas Maccabaeus and his brothers, the purification of the greatest temple, the dedication of the altar, 20 and further the wars against Antiochus Epiphanes and Eupator his son, 21 and the manifestations that came from heaven to those who fought with one another in brave deeds for the religion of the Jews;⁠ so that, being but a few, they seized the whole country, chased the barbarous multitudes, 22 recovered again the temple renowned all the world over, freed the city, and restored the laws which were about to be overthrown, seeing the Lord became gracious to them with all kindness. 23 These things which have been declared by Jason of Cyrene in five books, we will attempt to abridge in one book. 24 For having in view the confused mass of the numbers, and the difficulty which awaits those who would enter into the narratives of the history, by reason of the abundance of the matter, 25 we were careful that those who choose to read may be attracted, and that those who wish us well may find it easy to recall, and that all readers may benefit. 26 Although to us, who have taken upon ourselves the painful labor of the abridgement, the task is not easy, but a matter of sweat and sleeplessness,⁠ 27 even as it is no light thing to him who prepares a banquet, and seeks the benefit of others. Nevertheless, for the sake of the gratitude of the many we will gladly endure the painful labor, 28 leaving to the historian the exact handling of every particular, and again having no strength to fill in the outlines of our abridgement. 29 For as the masterbuilder of a new house must care for the whole structure, and again he who undertakes to decorate and paint it must seek out the things fit for its adorning; even so I think it is also with us. 30 To occupy the ground, and to indulge in long discussions, and to be curious in particulars, is fitting for the first author of the history; 31 but to strive after brevity of expression, and to avoid a labored fullness in the treatment, is to be granted to him who would bring a writing into a new form. 32 Here then let’s begin the narration, only adding this much to that which has already been said; for it is a foolish thing to make a long prologue to the history, and to abridge the history itself.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 32:18 and 2 Maccabees 2:26

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Job 32 introduces Elihu’s long speech with a five-part rhetorical preamble. 2 Maccabees prefaces its history with the same five elements in the same order, suggesting both follow an existing Hellenistic poem template.

Passages

Job 32:18

Hebrew Bible
17 I too will answer my part; I too will explain what I know. 18 For I am full of words, and the spirit within me constrains me. 19 Inside I am like wine that has no outlet, like new wineskins ready to burst! 20 I will speak, so that I may find relief; I will open my lips, so that I may answer.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

2 Maccabees 2:26

Deuterocanon
25 we were careful that those who choose to read may be attracted, and that those who wish us well may find it easy to recall, and that all readers may benefit. 26 Although to us, who have taken upon ourselves the painful labor of the abridgement, the task is not easy, but a matter of sweat and sleeplessness, 27 even as it is no light thing to him who prepares a banquet, and seeks the benefit of others. Nevertheless, for the sake of the gratitude of the many we will gladly endure the painful labor,
160–63 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Maccabees

References

… In looking for deuterocanonical (apocryphal) texts for comparison which are functionally similar to Job 32, the Sirach Prologue and the preface of the epitomator (i.e. the author providing an ἐπιτομή, ‘summary’, from the historical account of Jason of Cyrene, compare 2 Maccabees 2:23) in 2 Maccabees 2:19–32 suggest themselves, since both are adaptations of the (originally Greek-Hellenistic) genre of the proem. Their analogous division into five parts each, deployment of similar rhetorical devices, and various parallels of content all serve to suggest that Job 32, likewise, draws on the structural and topical conventions of the Greek proem. First, each proem names the theme of the larger work about to be introduced: in the case of the Sirach Prologue verses 1–3, this is the wisdom handed down through the law, the prophets, and other later writings; in 2 Maccabees 2:19–22, the deeds of Judas Maccabaeus and his brothers. In Job 32, the same function is discharged by the secondary introduction (verses 1–5) …
Stephan Lauber, “Irony in the Elihu Speeches?” in Irony in the Bible: Between Subversion and Innovation, ed. Tobias Häner and Virginia Miller (Leiden: Brill, 2023), 136–137.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 32:18 and 2 Maccabees 2:26

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