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2 Enoch

Secrets of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 42

1 I saw the key-holders and guards of the gates of hell standing,⁠ like great serpents, and their faces like extinguished lamps,⁠ and their eyes of fire, their sharp teeth. 2 And I said to them, 'I wish I had never seen you. May no one from my family ever come to you.' 3 And I saw a blessed place there, where every creature was blessed and everyone lived in joy and boundless happiness, in eternal life. 4 Guards are posted at the great eastern gates of the sun: fiery angels who sing songs of triumph and never stop rejoicing in the presence of the righteous. 5 At the last coming they will lead out Adam with our ancestors and bring them there so that they may rejoice, as a man invites the people he loves to a feast. They arrive full of joy and talk together outside his house, gladly waiting for his feast, for its delights and its boundless wealth, for joy and celebration in the light, and for eternal life. 6 Then I said: My children, now I tell you this. Blessed is the one who fears God and serves him. And you, my children, learn to bring gifts to the Lord, so that you may enjoy life. 7 Blessed is the one who judges justly, 8 who clothes the naked and gives bread to the hungry, 9 who defends the widow and the orphan and helps everyone who is wronged. 10 Blessed is the one who turns away from the shifting path and walks the straight one. 11 Blessed is the one who sows the seeds of righteousness, for that person will reap sevenfold. 12 Blessed is the one in whom truth lives, so that they speak the truth to their neighbor. 13 Blessed is the one whose mouth speaks with mercy and gentleness. 14 And I saw all the Lord's works, how they are right, while some of the works of man are good, and others bad, and the deeds of those who tell malicious lies reveal who they are.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Enoch 42:1 and Matthew 16:18

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

Matthew 16 may reflect an early form of a Jewish tradition about the gates of the underworld that is later echoed in 2 Enoch 42. Both mention these gates as symbolic boundaries connected to divine authority.

Passages

2 Enoch 42:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Secrets of Enoch
1 I saw the key-holders and guards of the gates of hell standing, like great serpents, and their faces like extinguished lamps, and their eyes of fire, their sharp teeth. 2 And I said to them, 'I wish I had never seen you. May no one from my family ever come to you.' 3 And I saw a blessed place there, where every creature was blessed and everyone lived in joy and boundless happiness, in eternal life.
1–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Enoch

Matthew 16:18

New Testament
16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” 17 And Jesus answered him, “You are blessed, Simon son of Jonah, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but my Father in heaven! 18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven.” 20 Then he instructed his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... The means by which the apocalyptic seer descends to the underworld are not usually specified more closely than by saying that an angel took him or her. Although medieval Jewish texts refer to specific entrances to the underworld, as in Greek tradition, these are not used in the tours of hell, nor is there often any reference to obstacles to be passed. Enoch shudders at the sight of the gatekeepers of hell (2 Enoch 42: I). Ezra passes without difficulty, like the righteous dead, the two fiery lions who guard the gates of hell (VisEzra 3). Paul, like Odysseus, has to cross the river Oceanus to reach hell in the far west, but it is not said how he does so (Apocalypse of Paul 31). In the Gedulat Moshe, the fire withdraws before Moses as he enters hell, but when he fears to descend to the abyss of fire and snow, the Shekinah goes before him to protect him from the angels of punishment. The angelic guides (or, in the case of Joshua ben Levi, the prophet Elijah, and, in the apocalypses of the Virgin, Christ himself) are a constant feature of the tours: they lead, guide, explain and answer questions ..."
Richard Bauckham, The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses, NovTSup 93 (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 36.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Enoch 42:1 and Matthew 16:18

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