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2 Corinthians

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Therefore, since we have this ministry, just as God has shown us mercy, we do not become discouraged. 2 But we have rejected shameful hidden deeds, not behaving with deceptiveness or distorting the word of God, but by open proclamation of the truth we commend ourselves to everyone’s conscience before God. 3 But even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled only to those who are perishing, 4 among whom the god of this age has blinded the minds of those who do not believe so they would not see the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God. 5 For we do not proclaim ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord, and ourselves as your slaves for Jesus’ sake. 6 For God, who said “Let light shine out of darkness,” is the one who shined in our hearts to give us the light of the glorious knowledge of God in the face of Christ.⁠ 7 But we have this treasure in clay jars, so that the extraordinary power belongs to God and does not come from us. 8 We are experiencing trouble on every side, but are not crushed; we are perplexed, but not driven to despair; 9 we are persecuted, but not abandoned; we are knocked down, but not destroyed, 10 always carrying around in our body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be made visible in our body. 11 For we who are alive are constantly being handed over to death for Jesus’ sake, so that the life of Jesus may also be made visible in our mortal body. 12 As a result, death is at work in us, but life is at work in you. 13 But since we have the same spirit of faith as that shown in what has been written, “I believed; therefore I spoke,”⁠ we also believe, therefore we also speak. 14 We do so because we know that the one who raised up Jesus will also raise us up with Jesus and will bring us with you into his presence. 15 For all these things are for your sake, so that the grace that is including more and more people may cause thanksgiving to increase to the glory of God. 16 Therefore we do not despair, but even if our physical body is wearing away, our inner person is being renewed day by day. 17 For our momentary, light suffering is producing for us an eternal weight of glory far beyond all comparison 18 because we are not looking at what can be seen but at what cannot be seen. For what can be seen is temporary, but what cannot be seen is eternal.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 38:4 and 2 Corinthians 4:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

2 Corinthians 4 describes the divine light of Jesus shining on the face, apocalyptic language also found in 1 Enoch 38 where the Lord of Spirits causes light to shine on the faces of the righteous.

Passages

1 Enoch 38:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
2 and when the Righteous One appears before the eyes of the righteous, whose chosen deeds depend on the Lord of Spirits, and light appears to the righteous and the elect who dwell on the earth: where then will the sinners dwell, and where will those rest who have denied the Lord of Spirits? It would have been better for them if they had never been born. 3 When the secrets of the righteous are revealed, the sinners will be judged, and the godless will be driven from the presence of the righteous and the elect. 4 From that time those who possess the earth will no longer be powerful and exalted, and they will not be able to look on the face of the holy, for the Lord of Spirits has caused His light to appear on the face of the holy, the righteous, and the elect. 5 Then the kings and the mighty will perish and be given into the hands of the righteous and holy.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

2 Corinthians 4:6

New Testament
5 For we do not proclaim ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord, and ourselves as your slaves for Jesus’ sake. 6 For God, who said “Let light shine out of darkness,” is the one who shined in our hearts to give us the light of the glorious knowledge of God in the face of Christ. 7 But we have this treasure in clay jars, so that the extraordinary power belongs to God and does not come from us. 8 We are experiencing trouble on every side, but are not crushed; we are perplexed, but not driven to despair; 9 we are persecuted, but not abandoned; we are knocked down, but not destroyed, 10 always carrying around in our body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be made visible in our body.
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Corinthians

References

"... The specific image that Paul uses, that of the face of Christ as the reflecting mirror, is not found in these Qumran passages, but there are several features in them that share a similarity and provide a Palestinian background for the image that he is using. First, there is the action of God causing light to shine on the face either of the Teacher of Righteousness in the Thanksgiving Psalms (if that is the person who speaks in the first person) or of the priests who are blessed. The same function is further attributed to the Teacher or the priests who light up the faces of the Many (i.e., the members of the community). Second, the last passage speaks of the illumination of the heart rather than the face, because much of the phraseology used there occurs in other passages; but it also reveals that its literary origin is the blessing of the sons of Aaron in Numbers 6:24-26 ... The face of God shining on his people is also found in Psalm 31:17; 67:2. These are the Old Testament sources of the Qumran expressions (compare also 1 Enoch 38:4) ..."
Joseph A. Fitzmyer, “Glory Reflected on the Face of Christ (2 Cor 3:7–4:6) and a Palestinian Jewish Motif,” TS 42.4 (1981): 630–644.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 38:4 and 2 Corinthians 4:6

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