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2 Corinthians

About this book
Chapter 12

1 It is necessary to go on boasting. Though it is not profitable, I will go on to visions and revelations from the Lord. 2 I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago (whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows) was caught up to the third heaven.⁠ 3 And I know that this man (whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, God knows)⁠ 4 was caught up into paradise and heard things too sacred to be put into words, things that a person is not permitted to speak. 5 On behalf of such an individual I will boast, but on my own behalf I will not boast, except about my weaknesses. 6 For even if I wish to boast, I will not be a fool, for I would be telling the truth, but I refrain from this so that no one may regard me beyond what he sees in me or what he hears from me, 7 even because of the extraordinary character of the revelations. Therefore, so that I would not become arrogant, a thorn in the flesh was given to me,⁠ a messenger of Satan to trouble me—so that I would not become arrogant. 8 I asked the Lord three times about this, that it would depart from me. 9 But he said to me, “My grace is enough for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” So then, I will boast most gladly about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may reside in me. 10 Therefore I am content with weaknesses, with insults, with troubles, with persecutions and difficulties for the sake of Christ, for whenever I am weak, then I am strong. 11 I have become a fool. You yourselves forced me to do it, for I should have been commended by you. For I lack nothing in comparison to those “super-apostles,” even though I am nothing. 12 Indeed, the signs of an apostle were performed among you with great perseverance by signs and wonders and powerful deeds. 13 For how were you treated worse than the other churches, except that I myself was not a burden to you? Forgive me this injustice! 14 Look, for the third time I am ready to come to you, and I will not be a burden to you, because I do not want your possessions, but you. For children should not have to save up for their parents, but parents for their children. 15 Now I will most gladly spend and be spent for your lives! If I love you more, am I to be loved less? 16 But be that as it may, I have not burdened you. Yet because I was a crafty person, I took you in by deceit! 17 I have not taken advantage of you through anyone I have sent to you, have I? 18 I urged Titus to visit you, and I sent our brother along with him. Titus did not take advantage of you, did he? Did we not conduct ourselves in the same spirit? Did we not behave in the same way? 19 Have you been thinking all this time that we have been defending ourselves to you? We are speaking in Christ before God, and everything we do, dear friends, is to build you up. 20 For I am afraid that somehow when I come I will not find you what I wish, and you will find me not what you wish. I am afraid that somehow there may be quarreling, jealousy, intense anger, selfish ambition, slander, gossip, arrogance, and disorder. 21 I am afraid that when I come again, my God may humiliate me before you, and I will grieve for many of those who previously sinned and have not repented of the impurity, sexual immorality, and licentiousness that they have practiced.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 14:8 and 2 Corinthians 12:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

In 2 Corinthians, Paul describes a heavenly journey, a common Jewish apocalyptic tradition similar to Enoch in 1 Enoch 14. His claim to have reached the “third heaven,” compared to others who say the fifth or seventh heaven, may reflect humility.

Passages

1 Enoch 14:8

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
8 And the vision was shown to me. In the vision, clouds called me and a mist summoned me; the path of the stars and the lightnings sped me on and hurried me, and the winds in the vision gave me wings and carried me upward, lifting me into heaven. 9 I went in until I came near a wall built of crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire, and it began to frighten me. 10 I went through the tongues of fire and came near a large house built of crystals. The walls of the house were like a mosaic floor of crystals, and its foundation was of crystal.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

2 Corinthians 12:2

New Testament
1 It is necessary to go on boasting. Though it is not profitable, I will go on to visions and revelations from the Lord. 2 I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago (whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows) was caught up to the third heaven. 3 And I know that this man (whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, God knows)
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Corinthians

References

"... Why does Paul only ascend to the third heaven? By the mid-first century CE a seven-tiered cosmology had replaced an older three-tiered cosmology represented by the earliest portions of 1 Enoch 14. Is Paul clinging to an old fashioned cosmology? More likely, given the context of the passage where Paul is playing the fool in his debate with the boastful super-apostles that have disturbed his Corinthian disciples, is the view of Paula Gooder that Paul sets himself up as a failed mystic. He only reached the third heaven; a thorn in the side—an angel of Satan—stopped him going further, prevented him being too highly exalted (v. 7). He did not see God enthroned in the seventh heaven. He only heard some things he cannot report. His was a failed invasion of heaven, not an ascent! ..."
Crispin Fletcher-Louis, “Jewish Mysticism, the New Testament, and Rabbinic-Period Mysticism,” in The New Testament and Rabbinic Literature, ed. Reimund Bieringer, Florentino García Martínez, and Didier Pollefeyt, JSJSup 136 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), 429–470.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 14:8 and 2 Corinthians 12:2

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