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2 Corinthians

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Now I, Paul, appeal to you personally by the meekness and gentleness of Christ (I who am meek when present among you, but am full of courage toward you when away!)— 2 now I ask that when I am present I may not have to be bold with the confidence that (I expect) I will dare to use against some who consider us to be behaving according to human standards. 3 For though we live as human beings, we do not wage war according to human standards, 4 for the weapons of our warfare are not human weapons, but are made powerful by God for tearing down strongholds. We tear down arguments 5 and every arrogant obstacle that is raised up against the knowledge of God, and we take every thought captive to make it obey Christ. 6 We are also ready to punish every act of disobedience, whenever your obedience is complete. 7 You are looking at outward appearances. If anyone is confident that he belongs to Christ, he should reflect on this again: Just as he himself belongs to Christ, so too do we. 8 For if I boast somewhat more about our authority that the Lord gave us for building you up and not for tearing you down, I will not be ashamed of doing so. 9 I do not want to seem as though I am trying to terrify you with my letters, 10 because some say, “His letters are weighty and forceful, but his physical presence is weak⁠ and his speech is of no account.” 11 Let such a person consider this: What we say by letters when we are absent, we also are in actions when we are present. 12 For we would not dare to classify or compare ourselves with some of those who recommend themselves. But when they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they are without understanding. 13 But we will not boast beyond certain limits, but will confine our boasting according to the limits of the work to which God has appointed us, that reaches even as far as you. 14 For we were not overextending ourselves, as though we did not reach as far as you, because we were the first to reach as far as you with the gospel about Christ. 15 Nor do we boast beyond certain limits in the work done by others, but we hope that as your faith continues to grow, our work may be greatly expanded among you according to our limits, 16 so that we may preach the gospel in the regions that lie beyond you, and not boast of work already done in another person’s area. 17 But the one who boasts must boast in the Lord. 18 For it is not the person who commends himself who is approved, but the person the Lord commends.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Corinthians 10:10 and Acts of Paul and Thecla 3

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In 2 Corinthians, Paul acknowledges that critics call his physical presence weak. The Acts of Paul and Thecla provides the earliest known description of Paul as short, bald, bow-legged, and hook-nosed.

Passages

2 Corinthians 10:10

New Testament
9 I do not want to seem as though I am trying to terrify you with my letters, 10 because some say, “His letters are weighty and forceful, but his physical presence is weak and his speech is of no account.” 11 Let such a person consider this: What we say by letters when we are absent, we also are in actions when we are present.
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Corinthians

Acts of Paul and Thecla 3

Early Christian · Paul and Thecla
3 And he went along the royal road that leads to Lystra and stood waiting for him, and looked at those who came by, according to Titus' description. And he saw Paul coming, a man small in stature, with little hair on his head, bow-legged, of sound body, with eyebrows that met, and a somewhat hooked nose, full of grace; for sometimes he looked like a man, and sometimes he had the face of an angel.
160–190 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Acts of Paul and Thecla

References

... For earlier commentators, this text has often been taken as a literal description of Paul's features and as confirmation of the Pauline texts (including 2 Corinthians 10:10 discussed above), which suggest that Paul was physically unattractive. Many were content with Sir William Ramsay's argument that the description of Paul goes back to a first-century document and is essentially a historically accurate portrayal: "This plain and unflattering account of the Apostle's personal appearance seems to embody a very early tradition." There are, however, features of this text that suggest more is going on than a simple, straightforward, and unflattering description of Paul's physique. Onesiphorus recognizes Paul and welcomes him, "Greetings, thou servant of the blessed God!" (Acts of Paul and Thecla 3.4). At the same time, Onesiphorus refuses to greet Demas and Hermogenes, Paul's two deceitful traveling companions, as servants of the Blessed One, but rather admonishes them, "I do not see in you any fruit of righteousness." Thus Onesiphorus not only sees these physical features but also understands from them that Paul is a "righteous person." ...
Mikeal Carl Parsons, Body and Character in Luke and Acts: The Subversion of Physiognomy in Early Christianity (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2006), 52–54.
... A more literal translation reads, "but his bodily presence is weak," indicating that some in Corinth are criticizing Paul's personal appearance—be it the opposing missionaries or the disgruntled among the Corinthians. The only physical description of Paul from antiquity comes to us from the second-century document, The Acts of Paul and Thecla: "small of stature, with a bald head and crooked legs, in a good state of body, with eyebrows meeting and nose somewhat hooked." While certainly fictitious, this depiction corresponds to what we might expect of a hard-working artisan, a tentmaker who labored at his workbench "night and day" (1 Thessalonians 2:9) in the cities he evangelized, including Corinth. ...
David W. J. Gill and Moyer Hubbard, 1 and 2 Corinthians (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2016), 229.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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