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2 Chronicles

About this book
Chapter 28

1 Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. He did not do what pleased the Lord, in contrast to his ancestor David. 2 He followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel; he also made images of the Baals. 3 He offered sacrifices in the Valley of Ben Hinnom and passed his sons through the fire, a horrible sin practiced by the nations whom the Lord drove out before the Israelites.⁠ 4 He offered sacrifices and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree. 5 The Lord his God handed him over to the king of Syria. The Syrians defeated him and deported many captives to Damascus.⁠ He was also handed over to the king of Israel, who thoroughly defeated him. 6 In one day Pekah son of Remaliah killed 120,000 warriors in Judah because they had abandoned the Lord God of their ancestors. 7 Zikri, an Ephraimite warrior, killed the king’s son Maaseiah, Azrikam, the supervisor of the palace, and Elkanah, the king’s second-in-command. 8 The Israelites seized from their brothers 200,000 wives, sons, and daughters. They also carried off a huge amount of plunder and took it back to Samaria. 9 Oded, a prophet of the Lord, was there. He went to meet the army as they arrived in Samaria and said to them: “Look, because the Lord God of your ancestors was angry with Judah, he handed them over to you. You have killed them so mercilessly that God has taken notice. 10 And now you are planning to enslave the people of Judah and Jerusalem. Yet are you not also guilty before the Lord your God? 11 Now listen to me! Send back those you have seized from your brothers, for the Lord is very angry at you!” 12 So some of the Ephraimite family leaders, Azariah son of Jehochanan, Berechiah son of Meshillemoth, Jechizkiah son of Shallum, and Amasa son of Hadlai confronted those returning from the battle. 13 They said to them, “Don’t bring those captives here! Are you planning on making us even more sinful and guilty before the Lord? Our guilt is already great, and the Lord is very angry at Israel.” 14 So the soldiers released the captives and the plunder before the officials and the entire assembly. 15 Men were assigned to take the prisoners and find clothes among the plunder for those who were naked. So they clothed them, supplied them with sandals, gave them food and drink, and provided them with oil to rub on their skin. They put the ones who couldn’t walk on donkeys. They brought them back to their brothers at Jericho, the city of date palm trees, and then returned to Samaria. 16 At that time King Ahaz asked the king of Assyria for help. 17 The Edomites had again invaded and defeated Judah and carried off captives. 18 The Philistines had raided the cities of Judah in the foothills and the Negev. They captured and settled in Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco and its surrounding villages, Timnah and its surrounding villages, and Gimzo and its surrounding villages. 19 The Lord humiliated Judah because of King Ahaz of Israel, for he encouraged Judah to sin and was very unfaithful to the Lord. 20 King Tiglath-Pileser of Assyria came, but he gave him more trouble than support. 21 Ahaz gathered riches from the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and the officials and gave them to the king of Assyria, but that did not help. 22 During his time of trouble King Ahaz was even more unfaithful to the Lord. 23 He offered sacrifices to the gods of Damascus whom he thought had defeated him. He reasoned, “Since the gods of the kings of Syria helped them, I will sacrifice to them so they will help me.” But they caused him and all Israel to stumble. 24 Ahaz gathered the items in God’s temple and removed them. He shut the doors of the Lord’s temple and erected altars on every street corner in Jerusalem. 25 In every city throughout Judah he set up high places to offer sacrifices to other gods. He angered the Lord God of his ancestors. 26 The rest of the events of Ahaz’s reign, including his accomplishments from start to finish, are recorded in the Scroll of the Kings of Judah and Israel. 27 Ahaz passed away and was buried in the city of Jerusalem; they did not bring him to the tombs of the kings of Israel. His son Hezekiah replaced him as king.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Chronicles 28:3 and 1 Enoch 27:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch describes a 'cursed valley' near Jerusalem, using the Valley of Ben Hinnom mentioned in 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles, which was the site of child sacrifice. This reshapes its association with violent practices as a place of final judgment.

Passages

2 Chronicles 28:3

Hebrew Bible
1 Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. He did not do what pleased the Lord, in contrast to his ancestor David. 2 He followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel; he also made images of the Baals. 3 He offered sacrifices in the Valley of Ben Hinnom and passed his sons through the fire, a horrible sin practiced by the nations whom the Lord drove out before the Israelites. 4 He offered sacrifices and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree.
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Chronicles

1 Enoch 27:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 Then I said: 'For what purpose is this blessed land, which is entirely filled with trees, and this cursed valley between them?' 2 Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered and said: 'This cursed valley is for those who are cursed forever: Here all the cursed shall be gathered who speak improper words against the Lord with their lips and speak harshly of His glory. Here they shall be gathered together, and this shall be their place of judgment.' 3 In the last days, there shall be the spectacle of righteous judgment in the presence of the righteous forever: here the merciful shall bless the Lord of glory, the Eternal King.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... Accursed valley — The Greek reads gē kataratos. While gē is used in places in LXX to translate Hebrew ʾerets (“land, earth”), this may be a transliteration of Hebrew gayʾ/gēyʾ (“valley”), suggesting an identification (both in light of the description “accursed” and the Jerusalem proximity) with Hebrew gēyʾhinnôm (“Valley of Hinnom”) or Aramaic gēhinnām (Gehenna), “a valley located on the south slope of Jerusalem (Joshua 15:8; 18:16).” This valley was the site of pagan worship in the late preexilic era, one that involved taking children and “passing them through the fire” (2 Kings 23:10; 2 Chronicles 28:3; 33:6; Jeremiah 7:31; 32:35) ..."
Michael S. Heiser, A Companion to the Book of Enoch: A Reader's Commentary (Crane, MO: Defender, 2019), 1:224.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Chronicles 28:3 and 1 Enoch 27:2

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