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2 Chronicles

About this book
Chapter 19

1 When King Jehoshaphat of Judah returned home safely to Jerusalem, 2 the prophet Jehu son of Hanani confronted him; he said to King Jehoshaphat, “Is it right to help the wicked and be an ally of those who oppose the Lord? Because you have done this, the Lord is angry with you! 3 Nevertheless you have done some good things; you removed the Asherah poles from the land, and you were determined to follow God.” 4 Jehoshaphat lived in Jerusalem. He went out among the people from Beer Sheba to the hill country of Ephraim and encouraged them to follow the Lord God of their ancestors. 5 He appointed judges throughout the land and in each of the fortified cities of Judah. 6 He told the judges, “Be careful what you do, for you are not judging for men, but for the Lord, who will be with you when you make judicial decisions.⁠ 7 Respect the Lord and make careful decisions, for the Lord our God disapproves of injustice, partiality, and bribery.”⁠ 8 In Jerusalem Jehoshaphat appointed some Levites, priests, and Israelite family leaders to judge on behalf of the Lord and to settle disputes among the residents of Jerusalem. 9 He commanded them: “Carry out your duties with respect for the Lord, with honesty, and with pure motives. 10 Whenever your countrymen who live in the cities bring a case before you (whether it involves a violent crime or other matters related to the law, commandments, rules, and regulations), warn them that they must not sin against the Lord. If you fail to do so, God will be angry with you and your colleagues, but if you obey, you will be free of guilt. 11 Take note, Amariah the chief priest will oversee you in every matter pertaining to the Lord and Zebadiah son of Ishmael, the leader of the family of Judah, in every matter pertaining to the king. The Levites will serve as officials before you. Act courageously, and may the Lord be with those who do well!”

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Chronicles 19:7 and 1 Esdras 4:39

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

In 2 Chronicles, Jehoshaphat tells his judges that God disapproves of injustice, partiality, and bribery. In 1 Esdras, Zerubbabel gives these same qualities of God to truth, saying there is no partiality with her and nothing unrighteous in her judgment.

Passages

2 Chronicles 19:7

Hebrew Bible
6 He told the judges, “Be careful what you do, for you are not judging for men, but for the Lord, who will be with you when you make judicial decisions. 7 Respect the Lord and make careful decisions, for the Lord our God disapproves of injustice, partiality, and bribery.”
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Chronicles

1 Esdras 4:39

Deuterocanon · Esdras A, 3 Esdras
37 Wine is unrighteous. The king is unrighteous. Women are unrighteous. All the children of men are unrighteous, and all their works are unrighteous. There is no truth in them. They shall also perish in their unrighteousness. 38 But truth remains, and is strong forever. Truth lives and conquers forevermore. 39 With truth there is no partiality toward persons or rewards, but truth does the things that are just, instead of any unrighteous or wicked things. All men approve truth’s works. 40 There is no unrighteousness in truth’s judgment. Truth is the strength, the kingdom, the power, and the majesty of all ages. Blessed be the God of truth!”
300–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Esdras

References

“... 4:39–40. there is no partiality The speech ends with an apotheosis of truth in two stages. First is her justice in judgment, acknowledged and valued by everyone. The phrasing of these statements is almost a literal repetition of the attributes of God listed by King Jehoshaphat in his instruction to the judges: “For there is no perversion of justice with the Lord our God, or partiality, or taking of bribes” (2 Chron. 19:7 NRSV; cf. Deut. 10:17). [...] The speech on truth is an exemplary piece of Jewish rhetoric. It is fused with biblical concepts of the God of Israel, the one and only God, the creator of heaven and earth. It acclaims one of the most important tenets of Judaism—God’s justice in his rule of the world, compared with the injustice of humanity—and it judges all human beings by the same rod of justice before God. ...”
Sara Japhet, “1 Esdras,” in Outside the Bible: Ancient Jewish Writings Related to Scripture, ed. Louis H. Feldman, James L. Kugel, and Lawrence H. Schiffman (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2013), 1:171.

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2 Chronicles 19:7 and 1 Esdras 4:39

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