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2 Baruch

Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch

About this book

Hezekiah and the Deliverance of Zion

Chapter 63

1 And the bright eighth waters which you have seen, this is the rectitude and uprightness of Hezekiah king of Judah and the grace of God which came upon him. 2 For when Sennacherib was stirred up so that he might perish, and his wrath troubled him so that he might thereby perish, for the multitude also of the nations that were with him. 3 When, moreover, Hezekiah the king heard those things which the king of Assyria was devising, to come and seize him and destroy his people, the two and a half tribes which remained: indeed, he wished to overthrow Zion also: then Hezekiah trusted in his works, and had hope in his righteousness, and spoke with the Mighty One and said: 4 ‘Look, for see, Sennacherib is prepared to destroy us, and he will be boastful and uplifted when he has destroyed Zion.’ 5 And the Mighty One heard him, for Hezekiah was wise, And He had respect for his prayer, because he was righteous. 6 And then the Mighty One commanded Ramiel His angel who speaks with you.⁠ 7 And I went forth and destroyed their multitude, the number of whose chiefs only was a hundred and eighty-five thousand, and each one of them had an equal number at his command. 8 And at that time I burned their bodies within, but their clothing and arms I preserved outwardly, in order that the still more wonderful deeds of the Mighty One might appear, and that thereby His name might be spoken of throughout the whole earth. 9 And Zion was saved and Jerusalem delivered: Israel also was freed from tribulation. 10 And all those who were in the holy land rejoiced, and the name of the Mighty One was glorified so that it was spoken of. 11 These are the bright waters which you have seen.

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 26:53 and 2 Baruch 63:7

New Testament · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Matthew’s depiction of Jesus declaring that he could summon twelve legions of angels reflects a wider Jewish tradition of angelic armies at God’s command, seen also in 2 Baruch’s account of Hezekiah and the defeat of Assyria.

Passages

Matthew 26:53

New Testament
51 But one of those with Jesus grabbed his sword, drew it out, and struck the high priest’s slave, cutting off his ear. 52 Then Jesus said to him, “Put your sword back in its place! For all who take hold of the sword will die by the sword. 53 Or do you think that I cannot call on my Father and that he would send me more than 12 legions of angels right now? 54 How then would the scriptures that say it must happen this way be fulfilled?” 55 At that moment Jesus said to the crowd, “Have you come out with swords and clubs to arrest me like you would an outlaw? Day after day I sat teaching in the temple courts, yet you did not arrest me.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

2 Baruch 63:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
5 And the Mighty One heard him, for Hezekiah was wise, And He had respect for his prayer, because he was righteous. 6 And then the Mighty One commanded Ramiel His angel who speaks with you. 7 And I went forth and destroyed their multitude, the number of whose chiefs only was a hundred and eighty-five thousand, and each one of them had an equal number at his command. 8 And at that time I burned their bodies within, but their clothing and arms I preserved outwardly, in order that the still more wonderful deeds of the Mighty One might appear, and that thereby His name might be spoken of throughout the whole earth. 9 And Zion was saved and Jerusalem delivered: Israel also was freed from tribulation.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Baruch

References

"... After Jesus has gone off three times to pray, asking God if the cup may pass from before him and declaring his obedience, Judas approaches with a large, armed crowd (Matthew 26:36–46). When Jesus is seized, one of the disciples in the garden reacts impulsively, cutting off the ear of the high priest’s servant. Jesus, turning to his disciple, says, “Put your sword back into its place; for all who take the sword will perish by the sword. Do you think that I cannot appeal to my Father, and he will at once send me more than twelve legions of angels?” (Matt 26:53). While reflecting traditions of protecting angels evidenced in the temptation narrative, Matthew also capitalizes on traditions that portray angels as warriors at God’s command. For example, there are traditions of angels participating in an apocalyptic holy war (1QM 10:3–5; 12:7–9; 13:10; Revelation 12:7) and 2 Baruch 51:11 speaks of the army of angels ready at the Lord’s command (compare Zechariah 14:5). In addition, one must not forget descriptions of the angel that destroyed 185,000 Assyrians single-handedly (2 Kings 19:35; 2 Chronicles 32:21; Isaiah 37:36; compare Psalm 34:7; 35:5–6). This is recounted vividly in 2 Baruch 63:5–11, where Hezekiah prays to the Mighty One for relief from the attacks of Sennacherib ..."
Kristian Bendoraitis, “Apocalypticism, Angels, and Matthew,” in The Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition and the Shaping of New Testament Thought, ed. Loren T. Stuckenbruck (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2017), 31–51.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 26:53 and 2 Baruch 63:7

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