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2 Baruch

Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch

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Prayer for Understanding

Chapter 54

1 And I begged the Mighty One, and said: You alone, O Lord, know previously the deep things of the world, And the things which happen in their times You bring about by Your word, And against the works of the inhabitants of the earth You hurry the beginnings of the times, And the end of the seasons You alone know. 2 You for whom nothing is too hard, But who do everything easily by a nod: 3 You to whom the depths come as the heights, And whose word the beginnings of the ages serve: 4 You who reveal to those who fear You what is prepared for them, That from now on they may be comforted. 5 You show great acts to those who do not know; You break up the enclosure of those who are ignorant, And light up what is dark, And reveal what is hidden to the pure, who in faith have submitted themselves to You and Your law. 6 You have shown to Your servant this vision; Reveal to me also its interpretation. 7 For I know that as regards those things in which I begged You, I have received a response, And as regards what I begged, You did reveal to me with what voice I should praise You, And from what members I should cause praises and hallelujahs to ascend to You. 8 For if my members were mouths, And the hairs of my head voices, Even so I could not give You the portion of praise, Nor extol You as is fitting, Nor could I recount Your praise, Nor tell the glory of Your beauty. 9 For what am I among men, Or why am I reckoned among those who are more excellent than I, That I have heard all these marvelous things from the Most High, And countless promises from Him who created me? 10 Blessed be my mother among those that bear, And praised among women be she who bore me. 11 For I will not be silent in praising the Mighty One, And with the voice of praise I will recount His marvellous deeds. 12 For who does things like Your marvellous deeds, O God, Or who comprehends Your deep thought of life. 13 For with Your counsel You govern all the creatures which Your right hand has created, And You have established every fountain of light beside You, And the treasures of wisdom beneath Your throne You have prepared. 14 And justly do they perish who have not loved Your law, And the torment of judgement shall await those who have not submitted themselves to Your power. 15 For though Adam first sinned And brought untimely death upon all, Yet of those who were born from him Each one of them has prepared for his own soul torment to come, And again each one of them has chosen for himself glories to come.⁠ 16 For surely he who believes will receive reward. 17 But now, as for you, you wicked that now are, turn yourselves to destruction, because you shall soon be visited, in that previously you rejected the understanding of the Most High. 18 For His works have not taught you, Nor has the skill of His creation which is at all times persuaded you. 19 Adam is therefore not the cause, save only of his own soul, But each of us has been the Adam of his own soul.⁠ 20 But do You, O Lord, explain to me regarding those things which You have revealed to me, And inform me regarding that which I begged You. 21 For at the consummation of the world vengeance shall be taken upon those who have done wickedness according to their wickedness, And You will glorify the faithful according to their faithfulness. 22 For those who are among Your own You rule, And those who sin You blot out from among Your own.’

Texts in conversation

Compare Romans 5:12 and 2 Baruch 54:19

New Testament · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Romans, Paul describes Adam as the source of sin and death, language similar to 2 Baruch 54 that describes every person as a new Adam, depicting the first sin as not just a moment in the past but an ongoing pattern that defines human experience.

Passages

Romans 5:12

New Testament
12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people because all sinned— 13 for before the law was given, sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law. 14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type of the coming one) transgressed. 15 But the gracious gift is not like the transgression. For if the many died through the transgression of the one man, how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many! 16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned. For judgment, resulting from the one transgression, led to condemnation, but the gracious gift from the many failures led to justification. 17 For if, by the transgression of the one man, death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ!
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

2 Baruch 54:19

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
15 For though Adam first sinned And brought untimely death upon all, Yet of those who were born from him Each one of them has prepared for his own soul torment to come, And again each one of them has chosen for himself glories to come. 16 For surely he who believes will receive reward. 17 But now, as for you, you wicked that now are, turn yourselves to destruction, because you shall soon be visited, in that previously you rejected the understanding of the Most High. 18 For His works have not taught you, Nor has the skill of His creation which is at all times persuaded you. 19 Adam is therefore not the cause, save only of his own soul, But each of us has been the Adam of his own soul. 20 But do You, O Lord, explain to me regarding those things which You have revealed to me, And inform me regarding that which I begged You.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Baruch

References

"... While Paul is interested in the similarities between Adam and Christ, he is even more interested in the different results or effects that they have brought upon us all. His fundamental point is stated in Romans 5:15: “But the free gift is not like the trespass.” That is, the positive effects of Jesus’ saving death and resurrection far outweigh the negative effects of Adam’s sin. According to Paul, Adam’s sin brought disobedience, sin, condemnation, and death upon humankind, whereas Christ’s sacrificial fidelity opened up the possibility of obedience, righteousness, justification/acquittal, and eternal life. The result of Adam’s sin was the reign of Sin, Death, and the Law. The result of Christ’s saving death and resurrection is the reign of grace (divine favor) and eternal life. This is typology with a twist. For Paul, Adam is like Christ and thus foreshadows Christ as the bearer of a fate or destiny. But even more important for Paul is how Adam is unlike Christ, when one compares the results or effects of what each one has done. Paul’s negative assessment of Adam and the effects of his sin is echoed in the late first century A.D. Jewish apocalypse known as Syriac or Second Baruch 54:19: “Each of us have become our own Adam.” ..."
Daniel J. Harrington, “Paul’s Use of the Old Testament in Romans,” Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations 4 (2009): 1–8.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Romans 5:12 and 2 Baruch 54:19

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