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2 Baruch

Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch

About this book

Baruch Remains in Jerusalem

Chapter 10

1 And after seven days, the word of God came to me, and said to me: 2 “Tell Jeremiah to go and support the people being taken captive to Babylon, 3 But remain here among the desolation of Zion, and I will show you after these days what will happen at the end of days.”

4 And I said to Jeremiah as the Lord commanded me. 5 And he left with the people, but I, Baruch, returned and sat before the gates of the temple, and I cried out this lament over Zion and said:

Baruch’s Lament

6 “Blessed is the one who was never born, or who was born and has died. 7 But as for us who live, how terrible for us, because we see the afflictions of Zion, and what has happened to Jerusalem. 8 I will call the Sirens from the sea, And you Lilin, come from the desert, And you Shedim and dragons from the forests: Wake up and prepare to mourn, and take up with me the dirges, and make lamentation with me.

9 “You farmers, do not sow again. And earth, why do you produce your harvest? Keep within you the sweetness of your nourishment. 10 And you, vine, why do you still give your wine? For an offering will not again be made from it in Zion. nor will the first fruits again be offered. 11 And you, heavens, withhold your dew, and do not open the treasuries of rain. 12 And you, sun, withhold the light of your rays. And you, moon, extinguish the abundance of your light. For why should light rise again where the light of Zion is darkened?

13 “And you, bridegrooms, do not enter, and do not let the brides adorn themselves with garlands And you women, do not pray to have children.⁠ 14 For the barren will above all rejoice, And those who have no sons will be glad, And those who have sons will have anguish. 15 For why should they give birth in pain, only to bury in grief? 16 Or why, again, should humanity have sons? Or why should their descendants again be named, when this mother is desolate, and her sons are led into captivity? 17 From this time forward do not speak of beauty, and do not talk of gracefulness.

18 “Moreover, you priests, take the keys of the sanctuary and throw them into the height of heaven,⁠ and give them to the Lord and say: ‘Guard Your house Yourself. For look, we are found unfaithful stewards.’ 19 And you, virgins who weave fine linen and silk with gold of Ophir, quickly take all these things and throw them into the fire, so that it may carry them to Him who made them, and the flame send them to Him who created them, so that the enemy cannot take possession of them.”

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Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 16:19 and 2 Baruch 10:18

New Testament · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Matthew 16 and 2 Baruch 10 reflect a common Second Temple Jewish tradition where the keys to the temple symbolize leadership and community authority. In each, the image shows a transfer of trust, either due to unworthiness or new appointment.

Passages

Matthew 16:19

New Testament
18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven.” 20 Then he instructed his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

2 Baruch 10:18

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
17 From this time forward do not speak of beauty, and do not talk of gracefulness. 18 “Moreover, you priests, take the keys of the sanctuary and throw them into the height of heaven, and give them to the Lord and say: ‘Guard Your house Yourself.
For look, we are found unfaithful stewards.’
19 And you, virgins who weave fine linen and silk with gold of Ophir, quickly take all these things and throw them into the fire, so that it may carry them to Him who made them, and the flame send them to Him who created them, so that the enemy cannot take possession of them.”
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Baruch

References

"... The keys of the temple became a symbol to indicate whether leaders were trustworthy for religious duties (Viljoen 2009:658). 4 Baruch 4:4 articulates this sentiment: ‘Take the keys of the temple … because we were not worthy of keeping them, for we were false stewards’ (compare also 2 Baruch 10:18 and ‘Avot de Rabbi Nathan’). Other persons, who are reliable to perform those duties, would arise to handle these keys. The Testament of Levi reached its final form in the 2nd century CE (Vriezen & Van der Woude 2005:652), and according to the Testament of Levi 10:3 the shameful behaviour of the priests would be exposed with the tearing of the temple veil. The priests abrogated the Law and disregarded the words of the Prophets (Testament Levi 14:4–6). The Testament of Levi furthermore describes the wickedness of the priests as they defiled the altars, mistreated righteous people and took innocent blood on their heads (Testament of Levi 16:2–4). Matthew describes how the priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to take responsibility for the innocent blood of Jesus (Matthew 27:25) and that the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:19) will be handed over to the church. This implies that authority is taken away from the Jewish religious leaders and that a great degree of authority is assigned to Peter and the church instead ..."
Francois Viljoen, “The Matthean Community Within a Jewish Religious Society,” HvTSt 72.4 (2016): 1–8.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 16:19 and 2 Baruch 10:18

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