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2 Baruch

Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch

About this book

Baruch Laments Jerusalem

Chapter 10

1 And it came to pass after seven days, that the word of God came to me, and said to me: 2 ‘Tell Jeremiah to go and support the captivity of the people to Babylon, 3 But remain here amid the desolation of Zion, and I will show you after these days what will befall at the end of days.’ 4 And I said to Jeremiah as the Lord commanded me. And he, indeed, departed with the people, but I, Baruch, returned and sat before the gates of the temple, and I lamented with the following lamentation over Zion and said: 5 ‘Blessed is he who was not born, Or he, who having been born, has died. 6 But as for us who live, sorrow to us, Because we see the afflictions of Zion, And what has happened to Jerusalem. 7 I will call the Sirens from the sea, And you Lilin, come from the desert, And you Shedim and dragons from the forests: Awake and gird up your loins for mourning, And take up with me the dirges, And make lamentation with me. 8 You husbandmen, sow not again; And, O earth, why do you give your harvest fruits? Keep within you the sweets of your sustenance. 9 And you, vine, why do you still give your wine; For an offering will not again be made from it in Zion. Nor will the first-fruits again be offered. 10 And you, O heavens, withhold your dew, And do not open the treasuries of rain: 11 And you, O sun, withhold the light of your rays. And you, O moon, extinguish the multitude of your light; For why should light rise again Where the light of Zion is darkened? 12 And you, you bridegrooms, enter not in, And let not the brides adorn themselves with garlands 13 And, you women, do not pray that you may bear. For the barren shall above all rejoice, And those who have no sons shall be glad, And those who have sons shall have anguish.⁠ 14 For why should they bear in pain, Only to bury in grief? 15 Or why, again, should mankind have sons? Or why should the seed of their kind again be named, Where this mother is desolate, And her sons are led into captivity? 16 From this time forward speak not of beauty, And do not talk of gracefulness. 17 Moreover, you priests, take the keys of the sanctuary And throw them into the height of heaven,⁠ And give them to the Lord and say: ‘Guard Your house Yourself. For look, we are found false stewards.’ 18 And you, you virgins; who weave fine linen And silk with gold of Ophir, Take with haste all these things And cast them into the fire, That it may carry them to Him who made them, And the flame send them to Him who created them, Lest the enemy get possession of them.’

Texts in conversation

Compare Matthew 16:19 and 2 Baruch 10:17

New Testament · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Matthew 16 and 2 Baruch 10 reflect a common Second Temple Jewish tradition where the keys to the temple symbolize leadership and community authority. In each, the image shows a transfer of trust, either due to unworthiness or new appointment.

Passages

Matthew 16:19

New Testament
18 And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven.” 20 Then he instructed his disciples not to tell anyone that he was the Christ.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

2 Baruch 10:17

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
16 From this time forward speak not of beauty, And do not talk of gracefulness. 17 Moreover, you priests, take the keys of the sanctuary And throw them into the height of heaven, And give them to the Lord and say: ‘Guard Your house Yourself. For look, we are found false stewards.’ 18 And you, you virgins; who weave fine linen And silk with gold of Ophir, Take with haste all these things And cast them into the fire, That it may carry them to Him who made them, And the flame send them to Him who created them, Lest the enemy get possession of them.’
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Baruch

References

"... The keys of the temple became a symbol to indicate whether leaders were trustworthy for religious duties (Viljoen 2009:658). 4 Baruch 4:4 articulates this sentiment: ‘Take the keys of the temple … because we were not worthy of keeping them, for we were false stewards’ (compare also 2 Baruch 10:18 and ‘Avot de Rabbi Nathan’). Other persons, who are reliable to perform those duties, would arise to handle these keys. The Testament of Levi reached its final form in the 2nd century CE (Vriezen & Van der Woude 2005:652), and according to the Testament of Levi 10:3 the shameful behaviour of the priests would be exposed with the tearing of the temple veil. The priests abrogated the Law and disregarded the words of the Prophets (Testament Levi 14:4–6). The Testament of Levi furthermore describes the wickedness of the priests as they defiled the altars, mistreated righteous people and took innocent blood on their heads (Testament of Levi 16:2–4). Matthew describes how the priests and the elders persuaded the crowd to take responsibility for the innocent blood of Jesus (Matthew 27:25) and that the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:19) will be handed over to the church. This implies that authority is taken away from the Jewish religious leaders and that a great degree of authority is assigned to Peter and the church instead ..."
Francois Viljoen, “The Matthean Community Within a Jewish Religious Society,” HvTSt 72.4 (2016): 1–8.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Matthew 16:19 and 2 Baruch 10:17

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