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1QS

Community Rule

About this book

Column 11

1 understanding to those who stray in spirit, and to give insight in teaching to those who grumble, and to answer with humility before the haughty in spirit, and with a broken spirit to the men of 2 the rod, who point the finger and speak wickedness and are zealous for wealth. As for me, my judgment belongs to God, and in his hand is the perfection of my way with the uprightness of my heart,⁠ 3 and by his righteous acts he will wipe out my transgression. For from the source of his knowledge he has opened his light, and my eye has looked on his wonders, and the light of my heart is in the mystery of 4 what will be and what is forever. The support of my right hand is on a strong rock; the way of my steps will not be shaken by anything. For the truth of God is 5 the rock of my steps, and his might is the staff of my right hand. And from the source of his righteousness comes my judgment, a light in my heart from his wonderful mysteries. On what is forever 6 my eye has looked: sound wisdom that is hidden from humankind, knowledge and prudent discretion hidden from the sons of Adam, a source of righteousness and a reservoir of 7 might, with a spring of glory hidden from the assembly of flesh. To those whom God has chosen he has given them as an eternal possession, and he has given them an inheritance in the lot of⁠ 8 the holy ones, and with the sons of heaven he has joined their assembly, for a council of the community and an assembly of a holy building, for an eternal planting through every 9 age that comes to be. But I belong to wicked humankind and to the assembly of iniquitous flesh. My iniquities, my transgressions, my sins, … with the perversity of my heart, 10 belong to the assembly of worms and those who walk in darkness. For a human’s way is not his own, and a man does not direct his own step. For judgment belongs to God, and from his hand 11 comes perfection of way. By his knowledge everything comes to be, and all that exists he establishes by his design, and without him nothing is done.⁠ As for me, if 12 I stumble, the kindnesses of God are my salvation forever. And if I fall through the iniquity of flesh, my judgment will stand in the righteousness of God for all time. 13 And if my distress breaks out, he will rescue my soul from the pit and make my steps firm on the way. In his compassion he has brought me near, and by his kindnesses comes 14 my judgment. In his true righteousness he has judged me, and in his great goodness he will atone for all my iniquities, and in his righteousness he will cleanse me from the impurity of 15 humankind and the sin of the sons of Adam, to give thanks to God for his righteousness and to the Most High for his splendor. Blessed are you, my God, who opens to knowledge 16 the heart of your servant. Establish all his works in righteousness, and grant to the son of your handmaid, as you have been pleased to do for the chosen of humankind, to stand 17 before you forever. For without you no way is perfect, and without your will nothing is done. You have taught 18 all knowledge, and everything that has come to be exists by your will. And there is no other apart from you to answer your counsel, or to have insight 19 into all your holy design, or to look into the depth of your mysteries, or to understand all your wonders, with the strength of 20 your might. Who can contain your glory? And what, indeed, is the son of Adam among your wonderful works? 21 And one born of a woman, how can he sit before you? He is kneaded from dust, and his dwelling is the food of worms. He is spat saliva, 22 pinched clay, and his longing is for the dust. What can clay answer, a thing shaped by hand? And what counsel can it understand?

Texts in conversation

Compare 1QS 11:2 and Romans 5:16

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · New Testament

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Summary

The Community Rule in the Dead Sea Scrolls says that justification comes from God, who removes sin and declares people righteous. In Romans, Paul uses similar courtroom language, describing justification as a gift from God rather than something earned.

Passages

1QS 11:2

Dead Sea Scrolls, Sectarian and Community Texts · Community Rule
2 the rod, who point the finger and speak wickedness and are zealous for wealth. As for me, my judgment belongs to God, and in his hand is the perfection of my way with the uprightness of my heart, 3 and by his righteous acts he will wipe out my transgression. For from the source of his knowledge he has opened his light, and my eye has looked on his wonders, and the light of my heart is in the mystery of 4 what will be and what is forever. The support of my right hand is on a strong rock; the way of my steps will not be shaken by anything. For the truth of God is 5 the rock of my steps, and his might is the staff of my right hand. And from the source of his righteousness comes my judgment, a light in my heart from his wonderful mysteries. On what is forever 6 my eye has looked: sound wisdom that is hidden from humankind, knowledge and prudent discretion hidden from the sons of Adam, a source of righteousness and a reservoir of
160–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QS

Romans 5:16

New Testament
12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people because all sinned— 13 for before the law was given, sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law. 14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type of the coming one) transgressed. 15 But the gracious gift is not like the transgression. For if the many died through the transgression of the one man, how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many! 16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned. For judgment, resulting from the one transgression, led to condemnation, but the gracious gift from the many failures led to justification. 17 For if, by the transgression of the one man, death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ!
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... (1QS 11.2–3; 12; 13–15) The word for ‘justification’ here is regularly משפת not some cognate of צדק as one might have imagined if the language was to prefigure Paul’s use of the δικαιοσύνη root in Romans and elsewhere. This, however, is not a problem. משפת is often translated as ‘judgment’, but in the Hebrew lawcourt ‘judgment’ is given not only against the person who loses the case (as the English word sometimes implies) but in favour of the person who wins. It is thus a positive decision by the court, leaving the winner ‘vindicated’ (not necessarily ‘acquitted’, since the same word describes a successful plaintiff as well as an acquitted defendant). These texts, then, remain important for understanding Paul’s background; and this reflection reminds us of an important theme, namely the way in which such language functions within an ancient Hebrew lawcourt context, actual or metaphorical ..."
N. T. Wright, “4QMMT and Paul: Justification, ‘Works,’ and Eschatology,” in History and Exegesis: New Testament Essays in Honor of Dr. E. Earle Ellis for His 80th Birthday, ed. Aang-Won (Aaron) Son (New York: T & T Clark, 2006), 104–132.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1QS 11:2 and Romans 5:16

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