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1QH

The Thanksgiving Hymns

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Column 23

2 your light, and you set from of old […] 3 your light without ceasing […] 4 for with you is light for […] 5 and you uncover an ear of dust […] … and … […] 6 the design that … […] … and you have made it sure in the ear of 7 your servant forever … [… the] reports of your wonders, to shine forth 8 before the eyes of all who hear […] by your strong right hand, to guide them all 9 by the strength of your might [… he will praise] your name and show himself mighty in your glory. 10 Do not withdraw your hand from [… so that] he may have one who holds fast to your covenant 11 and stands before you in [perfection. For] you have opened a [source] in the mouth of your servant, and on my tongue 12 you have engraved by the measuring line of [judgment, for one who] proclaims to a creature out of his understanding, and for an interpreter of these things 13 to dust like me. And you have opened a [source] to reprove a thing shaped of clay for its way, and the guilt of one born of 14 a woman according to his works, and to open the [source of] your truth to a creature whom you have upheld by your strength, 15 to [raise up] according to your truth a herald [and to recount] your goodness, to bring good news to the humble according to the abundance of your mercies,⁠ 16 [and to] satisfy from the source of [knowledge all the] broken in spirit and those who mourn, for eternal joy. 17 [And you opened the mouth of your servant …] … […] … […] 21 […] they will proclaim […] 22 […] … eternity, and your insight […] 23 […] … and in your land, and among the sons of the gods he is honored … […] … […] who will stand 24 [forever] to praise you and to recount all your glory. And what am I? For I was taken from dust. But you, 25 [my God,] have done all these things for your glory. According to the abundance of your kindnesses, set the guard of your righteousness 26 [before you] continually, until deliverance, and interpreters of knowledge with all my steps, and those who reprove with truth 27 [in all] my footsteps. And what is dust in their palms, [and a] work of ashes in their hand? They are nothing. But you 28 [have set in order the thing] shaped of clay, and what is spat out [you have made] according to your will. And over the stones you test me. 29 […] according to your greatness [… who returns to] his dust. And over dust you have sprinkled 30 [your holy] spirit […] in the mud […] … the gods, to be united with the sons of heaven 31 […] … […] eternal, and there is no return of darkness. For 32 […] and you have revealed light, and not to turn back 33 [… your] holy [spirit] you have sprinkled, to atone for guilt 34 [… those who] serve with your host and walk 35 […] … from before you, for they are established in your truth. 36 […] you have done these wonders for your glory, and what is spat out 37 […] for the lot of iniquity, a detestable creature 38 […] … [… a] detestable creature 39 […]

Texts in conversation

Compare 1QHa 23:15 and Matthew 5:3

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · New Testament

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Summary

The Dead Sea Scrolls and the beatitudes in Matthew describe God’s favor toward the humble and sorrowful. The scroll interprets Isaiah’s messenger bringing joy to the humble, while Jesus similarly blesses the poor in spirit and those who mourn.

Passages

1QHa 23:15

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · The Thanksgiving Hymns
11 and stands before you in [perfection. For] you have opened a [source] in the mouth of your servant, and on my tongue 12 you have engraved by the measuring line of [judgment, for one who] proclaims to a creature out of his understanding, and for an interpreter of these things 13 to dust like me. And you have opened a [source] to reprove a thing shaped of clay for its way, and the guilt of one born of 14 a woman according to his works, and to open the [source of] your truth to a creature whom you have upheld by your strength, 15 to [raise up] according to your truth a herald [and to recount] your goodness, to bring good news to the humble according to the abundance of your mercies, 16 [and to] satisfy from the source of [knowledge all the] broken in spirit and those who mourn, for eternal joy.
150–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QH

Matthew 5:3

New Testament
1 When he saw the crowds, he went up the mountain. After he sat down his disciples came to him. 2 Then he began to teach them by saying: 3 “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to them. 4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. 5 Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. 6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Now for the first time, because of the Dead Sea Scrolls, we can understand the phrase 'the poor in spirit.' It was a title of honor among the Essenes. These are the poor to whom the Holy Spirit is given. In one passage from the Essene hymnbook (1QH) the author thanks God for having appointed him preacher of his grace ... these correspond to 'the meek,', 'the poor in spirit,' and 'those who mourn' of the first three beatitudes of Jesus ..."
David Flusser and R. Steven Notley, Jesus (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1997), 95–98.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1QHa 23:15 and Matthew 5:3

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