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1QH

The Thanksgiving Hymns

About this book

Column 18

3 [… by] your plan everything comes to be, [and] by the design of your heart it is established. [And apart from you nothing] 4 [is done], and without your will nothing exists. And no one understands [your] wisdom, 5 and into the [counsel of] your mysteries no one looks. And what then is a human? He is earth, 6 pinched clay, and his return is to dust. Yet you give him insight into wonders like these, and the counsel of [your] truth 7 you make known to him. And I am dust and ashes. What can I plan unless you desire it? And what can I think 8 without your will? How can I be strong unless you make me stand? And how can I understand unless you have formed it 9 for me? And what can I say unless you open my mouth? And how can I answer unless you give me insight? 10 Behold, you are prince of gods and king of the glorious ones, and lord of every spirit⁠ and ruler over every work. 11 And apart from you nothing is done, and nothing is known without your will. And there is none besides you, 12 and none with you in strength, and none to match your glory, and your might is beyond price. And who 13 among all your great wonderful works has the strength to stand before your glory? 14 And what then is one who returns to his dust, that he should have such strength? Only for your glory have you done all these things. 16 Blessed are you, O Lord, God of mercies and [great in] kindness, for you have made these things known to me, to recount 17 your wonders and not to be silent day and night. To you belongs all strength … … 18 to your kindness, in your great goodness and the abundance [of your mercies …] I will delight in [your forgiveness,] 19 for I lean on your truth [and …] your … [and] there is no … [… without] 20 your … and without your hand [there is no judgment, and without] your rebuke there is no stumbling, [and no] 21 affliction that you do not know, and [nothing is done without] your [will.] 22 And I, according to my knowledge of [your] truth, [will sing of your kindness,] and when I look on your glory I will recount 23 your wonders, and when I understand the [counsel of your wonder I will wait] for the abundance of your mercies, and for your forgiveness 24 I will hope. For you formed the [spirit of your servant, and according to] your [will] you established me. And you have not put 25 my support in gain, and in the wealth of [violence … not] my heart, and a fleshly inclination you have not set as my strength. 26 The strength of warriors rests on many delights, [and they take pleasure in] abundance of grain, new wine, and oil, 27 and they pride themselves in livestock and property, [and they flourish like a] leafy [tree] by streams of water, putting out leaves 28 and multiplying branches. For you have chosen [them from all the sons of] Adam, for all to grow fat from the land. 29 But to the sons of your truth you have given insight … […] … forever, and according to their knowledge they are honored, 30 one more than another. And so for a son of Adam … [… in a] man you have increased his inheritance 31 in the knowledge of your truth, and according to his knowledge … [… for] the soul of your servant detests wealth 32 and gain, and in the height of delights it does not … For my heart rejoices in your covenant, and your truth 33 delights my soul. And I blossom like a lily, and my heart is opened to the eternal source, 34 and my support is in the stronghold on high, and … trouble. And it withers like a blossom before the wind. 35 And my heart is in turmoil with anguish, and my loins with trembling, and my groaning reaches to the deep 36 and searches the chambers of Sheol together. And I am afraid when I hear your judgments on the mighty 37 warriors and your dispute with the host of your holy ones in heaven and […] … 38 and judgment on all your works, and righteousness … […] … 39 […] … […] 40 […] … 41 […] … my affliction.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 39:9 and 1QHa 18:10

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy

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Summary

1 Enoch and the Thanksgiving Hymns from the Dead Sea Scrolls use the title “Lord of Spirits” for God that highlights rule over heaven. Its use in both shows the development of a common theological vocabulary in early Jewish tradition.

Passages

1 Enoch 39:9

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
8 There I longed to dwell, and my spirit yearned for that dwelling place; and there my portion has been from before, for so it has been established for me before the Lord of Spirits. 9 In those days I praised and exalted the name of the Lord of Spirits with blessings and praises, because He has destined me for blessing and glory according to the good pleasure of the Lord of Spirits. 10 For a long time my eyes gazed on that place, and I blessed Him and praised Him, saying: 'Blessed is He, and may He be blessed from the beginning and forever. 11 Before Him there is no ceasing. He knows, before the world was created, what is forever and what will be from generation to generation.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

1QHa 18:10

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · The Thanksgiving Hymns
7 you make known to him. And I am dust and ashes. What can I plan unless you desire it? And what can I think 8 without your will? How can I be strong unless you make me stand? And how can I understand unless you have formed it 9 for me? And what can I say unless you open my mouth? And how can I answer unless you give me insight? 10 Behold, you are prince of gods and king of the glorious ones, and lord of every spirit and ruler over every work. 11 And apart from you nothing is done, and nothing is known without your will. And there is none besides you, 12 and none with you in strength, and none to match your glory, and your might is beyond price. And who 13 among all your great wonderful works has the strength to stand before your glory?
150–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QH

References

"... 'Lord of Spirits' is the most frequent title for God in the Parables [of Enoch], where it occurs 102 times... the expression occurs, finally, in a string of titles in one of the Qumran hodayot. That this connotation governs the formula 'Lord of Spirits' in the Parables is clear from 1 Enoch 39:12, where the Trisagion is paraphrased ..."
George W. E. Nickelsburg, A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 37-82 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012), 91.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 39:9 and 1QHa 18:10

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