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About this book

1 Timothy

About this book
Chapter 1

1 From Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the command of God our Savior and of Christ Jesus our hope, 2 to Timothy, my genuine child in the faith. Grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord! 3 As I urged you when I was leaving for Macedonia, stay on in Ephesus to instruct certain people not to spread false teachings, 4 nor to occupy themselves with myths and interminable genealogies. Such things promote useless speculations rather than God’s redemptive plan that operates by faith. 5 But the aim of our instruction is love that comes from a pure heart, a good conscience, and a sincere faith. 6 Some have strayed from these and turned away to empty discussion. 7 They want to be teachers of the law, but they do not understand what they are saying or the things they insist on so confidently. 8 But we know that the law is good if someone uses it legitimately, 9 realizing that law is not intended for a righteous person, but for lawless and rebellious people, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers, 10 sexually immoral people, practicing homosexuals, kidnappers, liars, perjurers—in fact, for any who live contrary to sound teaching. 11 This accords with the glorious gospel of the blessed God that was entrusted to me. 12 I am grateful to the one who has strengthened me, Christ Jesus our Lord, because he considered me faithful in putting me into ministry, 13 even though I was formerly a blasphemer and a persecutor, and an arrogant man. But I was treated with mercy because I acted ignorantly in unbelief, 14 and our Lord’s grace was abundant, bringing faith and love in Christ Jesus. 15 This saying is trustworthy and deserves full acceptance: “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners”—and I am the worst of them! 16 But here is why I was treated with mercy: so that in me as the worst, Christ Jesus could demonstrate his utmost patience, as an example for those who are going to believe in him for eternal life. 17 Now to the eternal King, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever! Amen.⁠ 18 I put this charge before you, Timothy my child, in keeping with the prophecies once spoken about you, in order that with such encouragement you may fight the good fight. 19 To do this you must hold firmly to faith and a good conscience, which some have rejected and so have suffered shipwreck in regard to the faith. 20 Among these are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I handed over to Satan to be taught not to blaspheme.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Timothy 1:17 and Jonathan Isaiah 30:33

New Testament · Targum

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Summary

1 Timothy says God is the eternal King, a title also used in the Aramaic translation of Isaiah in the Targum, where the eternal King prepares judgment and the Memra executes it. Both likely draw on a shared Aramaic tradition.

Passages

1 Timothy 1:17

New Testament
15 This saying is trustworthy and deserves full acceptance: “Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners”—and I am the worst of them! 16 But here is why I was treated with mercy: so that in me as the worst, Christ Jesus could demonstrate his utmost patience, as an example for those who are going to believe in him for eternal life. 17 Now to the eternal King, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever! Amen.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Timothy

Jonathan Isaiah 30:33

Targum
31 For through the voice of the Memra of the LORD the Assyrian will be broken, he who struck with his power. 32 And the LORD will bring down the vengeance of His might at every passing of their princes and mighty ones, even among them. The house of Israel will praise with tambourines and harps, because of the mighty war that will be waged for them against the nations. 33 For hell is made ready from eternity on account of their sins; the eternal King has prepared it deep and wide; a fiery pyre with abundance of fuel burns in it; the Memra of the LORD, like an overwhelming torrent of brimstone, will kindle it.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... Awareness of such divine remembrance is a foretaste of the “consolation(s)” people are to enjoy as a consequence of divine judgment (see Targum 2 Samuel 23:1; Targum Isaiah 8:2; 18:4; 40:1-2; Targum Jeremiah 12:5; 31:6, 26; Targum Hosea 6:2, with Luke 2:24-25; 6:24; Acts 4:36; Romans 15:5; 2 Corinthians 1:7; 1 Thessalonians 2:3-4). Moreover, favorable judgment may be attributed to an angelic advocate, designated by the Greek term parakletos (so Targum Job 33:23 and John 14:16-17, 26; 15:26; 16:7; 1 John 2:1-2). In all this, God acts as sovereign, the king of the ages (see Targum Isaiah 6:5; 30:33 Targum Jeremiah 10:10; Targum Zechariah 14:16; as well as 1 Timothy 1:17; [Revelation 15:3]), who is able to raise the dead with the sound of a trumpet (see 1 Corinthians 15:52; 1 Thessalonians 4:16, and Exodus 20:18) ..."
Paul V. M. Flesher and Bruce D. Chilton, The Targums: A Critical Introduction, SAIS 12 (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2011), 402.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Timothy 1:17 and Jonathan Isaiah 30:33

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