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About this book

1 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 5

1 Now the Philistines had captured the ark of God and brought it from Ebenezer to Ashdod. 2 The Philistines took the ark of God and brought it into the temple of Dagon, where they positioned it beside Dagon. 3 When the residents of Ashdod got up early the next day, Dagon was lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. So they took Dagon and set him back in his place. 4 But when they got up early the following day, Dagon was again lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. The head of Dagon and his two hands were sheared off⁠ and were lying at the threshold.⁠ Only Dagon’s body was left intact. 5 (For this reason, to this very day, neither Dagon’s priests nor anyone else who enters Dagon’s temple steps on Dagon’s threshold in Ashdod.)⁠ 6 The Lord attacked the residents of Ashdod severely, bringing devastation on them. He struck the people of both Ashdod and the surrounding area with sores.⁠ 7 When the people of Ashdod saw what was happening, they said, “The ark of the God of Israel should not remain with us, for he has attacked both us and our god Dagon!” 8 So they assembled all the leaders of the Philistines and asked, “What should we do with the ark of the God of Israel?” They replied, “The ark of the God of Israel should be moved to Gath.” So they moved the ark of the God of Israel. 9 But after it had been moved the Lord attacked that city as well, causing a great deal of panic. He struck all the people of that city with sores. 10 So they sent the ark of God to Ekron. But when the ark of God arrived at Ekron, the residents of Ekron cried out saying, “They have brought the ark of the God of Israel here to kill our people!” 11 So they assembled all the leaders of the Philistines and said, “Get the ark of the God of Israel out of here! Let it go back to its own place so that it won’t kill us and our people!” The terror of death was throughout the entire city; God was attacking them very severely there. 12 The people who did not die were struck with sores; the city’s cry for help went all the way up to heaven.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 5:4 and 1 Samuel 17:51

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Goliath’s defeat in 1 Samuel 17 mirrors the story of Dagon’s fall in 1 Samuel 5. In both, a Philistine figure falls face-first and is decapitated, suggesting that Goliath’s death is a continuation of the earlier divine victory over the Philistine god.

Passages

1 Samuel 5:4

Hebrew Bible
2 The Philistines took the ark of God and brought it into the temple of Dagon, where they positioned it beside Dagon. 3 When the residents of Ashdod got up early the next day, Dagon was lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. So they took Dagon and set him back in his place. 4 But when they got up early the following day, Dagon was again lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. The head of Dagon and his two hands were sheared off and were lying at the threshold. Only Dagon’s body was left intact.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

1 Samuel 17:51

Hebrew Bible
50 David prevailed over the Philistine with just the sling and the stone. He struck down the Philistine and killed him. David did not even have a sword in his hand. 51 David ran and stood over the Philistine. He grabbed Goliath’s sword, drew it from its sheath, and after killing him, he cut off his head with it. When the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they ran away. 52 Then the men of Israel and Judah charged forward, shouting a battle cry. They chased the Philistines to the valley and to the very gates of Ekron. The Philistine corpses lay fallen along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

References

"... Scholars routinely link Goliath’s death to Dagon’s destruction. God caused Dagon to fall facedown to the ground (1 Samuel 5:3). After the Philistines set their god aright, God caused Dagon to fall again. This time, the Lord decapitated Dagon. Similarly, after falling facedown to the ground in 17:49, David decapitated Goliath (verse 51). Goliath’s death certainly echoes Dagon’s. Surely one reason the narrative says that Goliath fell facedown was to create a link with Dagon’s demise. The Lord defeated the Philistines’ champion just as he previously defeated their god ..."
Brian A. Verrett, The Serpent in Samuel: A Messianic Motif (Eugene, OR: Resource Publications, 2020), 157.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 5:4 and 1 Samuel 17:51

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