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1 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Now the boy Samuel continued serving the Lord under Eli’s supervision. Receiving a message from the Lord was rare in those days; revelatory visions were infrequent. 2 Eli’s eyes had begun to fail, so that he was unable to see well.⁠ At that time he was lying down in his place, 3 and the lamp of God had not yet been extinguished. Samuel was lying down in the temple of the Lord as well; the ark of God was also there. 4 The Lord called to Samuel, and he replied, “Here I am!” 5 Then he ran to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” But Eli said, “I didn’t call you. Go back and lie down.” So he went back and lay down. 6 The Lord again called, “Samuel!” So Samuel got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me.” But Eli said, “I didn’t call you, my son. Go back and lie down.” 7 Now Samuel did not yet know the Lord; the Lord’s messages had not yet been revealed to him. 8 Then the Lord called Samuel a third time. So he got up and went to Eli and said, “Here I am, for you called me!” Eli then realized that it was the Lord who was calling the boy. 9 So Eli said to Samuel, “Go back and lie down. When he calls you, say, ‘Speak, Lord, for your servant is listening.’” So Samuel went back and lay down in his place. 10 Then the Lord came and stood nearby, calling as he had previously done, “Samuel! Samuel!” Samuel replied, “Speak, for your servant is listening!”⁠ 11 The Lord said to Samuel, “Look! I am about to do something in Israel; when anyone hears about it, both of his ears will tingle.⁠ 12 On that day I will carry out against Eli everything that I spoke about his house—from start to finish! 13 You should tell him that I am about to judge his house forever because of the sin that he knew about. For his sons were⁠ cursing themselves, and he did not rebuke them.⁠ 14 Therefore I swore an oath to the house of Eli, ‘The sin of the house of Eli can never be forgiven by sacrifice or by grain offering.’” 15 So Samuel lay down until morning. Then he opened the doors of the Lord’s house. But Samuel was afraid to tell Eli about the vision. 16 However, Eli called Samuel and said, “Samuel, my son!”⁠ He replied, “Here I am.” 17 Eli said, “What message did he speak to you? Don’t conceal it from me. God will judge you severely if you conceal from me anything that he said to you!” 18 So Samuel told him everything. He did not hold back anything from him. Eli said, “The Lord will do what he pleases.” 19 Samuel continued to grow, and the Lord was with him. None of his prophecies fell to the ground unfulfilled. 20 All Israel from Dan to Beer Sheba realized that Samuel was confirmed as a prophet of the Lord. 21 Then the Lord again appeared in Shiloh, for it was in Shiloh that the Lord had revealed himself to Samuel through a message from the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 3:4 and 1 Samuel 3:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

1 Samuel 3 and Exodus 3 describe God calling a person by name twice, a pattern also seen with other biblical figures. The frequent use of this double address suggests a common tradition and marks a pivotal divine encounter.

Passages

Exodus 3:4

Hebrew Bible
3 So Moses thought, “I will turn aside to see this amazing sight. Why does the bush not burn up?” 4 When the Lord saw that he had turned aside to look, God called to him from within the bush and said, “Moses, Moses!” And Moses said, “Here I am.” 5 God said, “Do not approach any closer! Take your sandals off your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

1 Samuel 3:10

Hebrew Bible
9 So Eli said to Samuel, “Go back and lie down. When he calls you, say, ‘Speak, Lord, for your servant is listening.’” So Samuel went back and lay down in his place. 10 Then the Lord came and stood nearby, calling as he had previously done, “Samuel! Samuel!” Samuel replied, “Speak, for your servant is listening!” 11 The Lord said to Samuel, “Look! I am about to do something in Israel; when anyone hears about it, both of his ears will tingle.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

References

"... The double vocative in which a divine being calls out the personal name twice is a form of a type-scene. Aside from Abraham (Genesis 22:11), God calls out the names of central biblical characters, namely Jacob (Genesis 46:2), Moses (Exodus 3:5), and Samuel (1 Samuel 3:10), passages usually attributed to the Elohist (E) except for Samuel which is a Deuteronomistic (Dtr) text. As it will be demonstrated below, all these occurrences reflect contexts in which the addressee is afraid of the divine presence. Since fear is a factor, the addressee is too afraid to quickly respond to the angelic being or God. On account of the hesitation which arises from fear, the divine addresser is forced to call out the personal name yet again. Therefore, the right response to the divine call, based on these examples, would have been to respond only after the name repetition ..."
Samantha Joo, “‘Abraham! Abraham!’: Re-Analysis of Gen. 22:11,” Korea Presbyterian Journal of Theology 42 (2011): 66–79.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 3:4 and 1 Samuel 3:10

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