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1 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 29

1 The Philistines assembled all their troops at Aphek, while Israel camped at the spring that is in Jezreel. 2 When the leaders of the Philistines were passing in review at the head of their units of hundreds and thousands, David and his men were passing in review in the rear with Achish. 3 The leaders of the Philistines asked, “What about these Hebrews?” Achish said to the leaders of the Philistines, “Isn’t this David, the servant of King Saul of Israel, who has been with me for quite some time? I have found no fault with him from the day of his defection until the present time!” 4 But the leaders of the Philistines became angry with him and said to him, “Send the man back! Let him return to the place that you assigned him! Don’t let him go down with us into the battle, for he might become our adversary in the battle. What better way to please his lord than with the heads of these men? 5 Isn’t this David, of whom they sang as they danced, “‘Saul has struck down his thousands, but David his tens of thousands’?” 6 So Achish summoned David and said to him, “As surely as the Lord lives, you are an honest man, and I am glad to have you serving with me in the army. I have found no fault with you from the day that you first came to me until the present time. But in the opinion of the leaders, you are not reliable. 7 So turn and leave in peace. You must not do anything that the leaders of the Philistines consider improper!” 8 But David said to Achish, “What have I done? What have you found in your servant from the day that I first came into your presence until the present time, that I shouldn’t go and fight the enemies of my lord the king?” 9 Achish replied to David, “I am convinced that you are as good in my eyes16 as the angel of God!⁠ However, the leaders of the Philistines have said, ‘He must not go up with us in the battle.’ 10 So get up early in the morning along with the servants of your lord who have come with you. When you get up early in the morning, as soon as it is light enough to see, leave.” 11 So David and his men got up early in the morning to return to the land of the Philistines, but the Philistines went up to Jezreel.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 29:9 and Zechariah 12:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In 1 Samuel 29, Achish tells David that he is as good in his eyes as an angel of God, a comparison affirming David’s trustworthiness. Zechariah 12 uses the same imagery to describe how the people will be even more like David, becoming like an angel.

Passages

1 Samuel 29:9

Hebrew Bible
8 But David said to Achish, “What have I done? What have you found in your servant from the day that I first came into your presence until the present time, that I shouldn’t go and fight the enemies of my lord the king?” 9 Achish replied to David, “I am convinced that you are as good in my eyes16 as the angel of God! However, the leaders of the Philistines have said, ‘He must not go up with us in the battle.’ 10 So get up early in the morning along with the servants of your lord who have come with you. When you get up early in the morning, as soon as it is light enough to see, leave.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

Zechariah 12:8

Hebrew Bible
7 The Lord also will deliver the homes of Judah first, so that the splendor of the kingship of David and of the people of Jerusalem may not exceed that of Judah. 8 On that day the Lord himself will defend the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the weakest among them will be like mighty David, and the dynasty of David will be like God, like the angel of the Lord before them. 9 So on that day I will set out to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. 10 “I will pour out on the kingship of David and the population of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication so that they will look to me, the one they have pierced. They will lament for him as one laments for an only son, and there will be a bitter cry for him like the bitter cry for a firstborn.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Some references to mal'akim are comparative or metaphorical. (This is not the equivalent of figurative anthropomorphic language describing Yahweh; in these texts, the humans are primary and the references to angels are figurative) There are passages in which people are compared to angels, but in each case the context very clearly demonstrates that none of these are based on physicality. 1 Samuel 29:9, 2 Samuel 14:17-20 and 19:28 contain comparisons of David to an angel, based on his behavior. In 1 Samuel 29:8-9, when David asks, “What have I done?” Achish answers, “You are good in my eyes, like an angel of God”. In both 2 Samuel passages the comparisons include references to discerning between good and bad. In 2 Samuel 14:17 the woman of Tekoa says to David, “Like an angel of God, so is my lord the king to discern good and bad”. 2 Samuel 19:28 is similar. Each of these comparisons is based on behavior or judgment, not on physical appearance ..."
Esther J. Hamori, When Gods Were Men: The Embodied God in Biblical and Near Eastern Literature (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2008), 108.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 29:9 and Zechariah 12:8

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