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1 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 26

1 The Ziphites came to Saul at Gibeah and said, “Isn’t David hiding on the hill of Hakilah near Jeshimon?” 2 So Saul arose and went down to the wilderness of Ziph, accompanied by 3,000 select men of Israel, to look for David in the wilderness of Ziph. 3 Saul camped by the road on the hill of Hakilah near Jeshimon, but David was staying in the wilderness. When he realized that Saul had come to the wilderness to find him, 4 David sent scouts and verified that Saul had indeed arrived. 5 So David set out and went to the place where Saul was camped. David saw the place where Saul and Abner son of Ner, the general in command of his army, were sleeping. Now Saul was lying in the entrenchment, and the army was camped all around him. 6 David said to Ahimelech the Hittite and Abishai son of Zeruiah, Joab’s brother, “Who will go down with me to Saul in the camp?” Abishai replied, “I will go down with you.” 7 So David and Abishai approached the army at night and found Saul lying asleep in the entrenchment with his spear stuck in the ground⁠ by his head. Abner and the army were lying all around him. 8 Abishai said to David, “Today God has delivered your enemy into your hands. Now let me drive the spear right through him into the ground with one swift jab! A second jab won’t be necessary!” 9 But David said to Abishai, “Don’t kill him! Who can extend his hand against the Lord’s chosen one and remain guiltless?” 10 David went on to say, “As the Lord lives, the Lord himself will strike him down. Either his day will come and he will die, or he will go down into battle and be swept away. 11 But may the Lord prevent me from extending my hand against the Lord’s chosen one! Now take the spear by Saul’s head and the jug of water, and let’s get out of here!” 12 So David took the spear and the jug of water by Saul’s head, and they got out of there. No one saw them or was aware of their presence or woke up. All of them were asleep, for the Lord had caused a deep sleep to fall on them. 13 Then David crossed to the other side and stood on the top of the hill some distance away; there was a considerable distance between them. 14 David called to the army and to Abner son of Ner, “Won’t you answer, Abner?” Abner replied, “Who are you, that you have called to the king?” 15 David said to Abner, “Aren’t you a man? After all, who is like you in Israel? Why then haven’t you protected your lord the king? One of the soldiers came to kill your lord the king. 16 This failure on your part isn’t good! As surely as the Lord lives, you people who have not protected your lord, the Lord’s chosen one, are as good as dead! Now look where the king’s spear and the jug of water that was by his head are!” 17 When Saul recognized David’s voice, he said, “Is that your voice, my son David?” David replied, “Yes, it’s my voice, my lord the king.” 18 He went on to say, “Why is my lord chasing his servant? What have I done? What wrong have I done? 19 So let my lord the king now listen to the words of his servant. If the Lord has incited you against me, may he enjoy the smell of an offering10.⁠ But if men have instigated this, may they be cursed before the Lord! For they have driven me away this day from being united with the Lord’s inheritance, saying, ‘Go on, serve other gods!’ 20 Now don’t let my blood fall to the ground away from the Lord’s presence, for the king of Israel has gone out to look for a flea the way one looks for a partridge in the hill country.” 21 Saul replied, “I have sinned. Come back, my son David. I won’t harm you anymore, for you treated my life with value this day. I have behaved foolishly and have made a very terrible mistake!” 22 David replied, “Here is the king’s spear! Let one of your servants cross over and get it. 23 The Lord rewards each man for his integrity and loyalty. Even though today the Lord delivered you into my hand, I was not willing to extend my hand against the Lord’s chosen one. 24 In the same way that I valued your life this day, may the Lord value my life and deliver me from all danger.” 25 Saul replied to David, “May you be rewarded, my son David! You will without question be successful!” So David went on his way, and Saul returned to his place.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 8:21 and 1 Samuel 26:19

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis 8 says God smells the soothing aroma of Noah’s sacrifice, language also used in texts like 1 Samuel 26. These follow a common ancient Near Eastern tradition where gods respond to sacrificial scents in Babylonian and other literature.

Passages

Genesis 8:21

Hebrew Bible
20 Noah built an altar to the Lord. He then took some of every kind of clean animal and clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar. 21 And the Lord smelled the soothing aroma and said to himself, “I will never again curse the ground because of humankind, even though the inclination of their minds is evil from childhood on. I will never again destroy everything that lives, as I have just done. 22 “While the earth continues to exist, planting time and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night will not cease.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

1 Samuel 26:19

Hebrew Bible
18 He went on to say, “Why is my lord chasing his servant? What have I done? What wrong have I done? 19 So let my lord the king now listen to the words of his servant. If the Lord has incited you against me, may he enjoy the smell of an offering10. But if men have instigated this, may they be cursed before the Lord! For they have driven me away this day from being united with the Lord’s inheritance, saying, ‘Go on, serve other gods!’ 20 Now don’t let my blood fall to the ground away from the Lord’s presence, for the king of Israel has gone out to look for a flea the way one looks for a partridge in the hill country.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

References

"... rendered literally, the Babylonian lines read: "The gods smelled the odor; the gods smelled the good odor." Genesis 8:21 states: "And the Lord smelled the odor of tranquillization." The wording is not quite the same. Moreover, there is not a single etymological correspondence between the terms employed in one version and those used in the other. But the main consideration against the above contention is the fact that Genesis 8:21 does not contain an element foreign to the Old Testament but one which is identical in thought and language with numerous other passages. Exactly the same phraseology is found in Leviticus 26:31: "I will not smell the odor of your tranquillization." Much the same phrase occurs again in Amos 5:21: "I will not smell your solemn assemblies," and in 1 Samuel 26:19: "Let Him smell an offering," The same idea we meet again in the ever-recurring phrase of the ritual "a sweet savor unto the Lord," or, literally, "an odor of tranquillization unto the Lord" (compare especially Leviticus) ..."
Alexander Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1973), 265.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 8:21 and 1 Samuel 26:19

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