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1 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 19

1 Then Saul told his son Jonathan and all his servants to kill David. But Saul’s son Jonathan liked David very much. 2 So Jonathan told David, “My father Saul is trying to kill you. So be careful tomorrow morning. Find a hiding place and stay in seclusion. 3 I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are. I will speak to my father about you. When I find out what the problem is, I will let you know.” 4 So Jonathan spoke on David’s behalf to his father Saul. He said to him, “The king should not sin against his servant David, for he has not sinned against you. On the contrary, his actions have been very beneficial for you. 5 He risked his life when he struck down the Philistine, and the Lord gave all Israel a great victory. When you saw it, you were happy. So why would you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death for no reason?” 6 Saul accepted Jonathan’s advice and took an oath, “As surely as the Lord lives, he will not be put to death.” 7 Then Jonathan called David and told him all these things. Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he served him as he had done formerly. 8 Now once again there was war. So David went out to fight the Philistines. He defeated them thoroughly, and they ran away from him. 9 Then an evil spirit from the Lord came upon Saul. He was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand, while David was playing the lyre. 10 Saul tried to nail David to the wall with the spear, but he escaped from Saul’s presence, and the spear drove into the wall. David escaped quickly that night. 11 Saul sent messengers to David’s house to guard it and to kill him in the morning. Then David’s wife Michal told him, “If you do not save yourself tonight, tomorrow you will be dead!” 12 So Michal lowered David through the window, and he ran away and escaped.⁠ 13 Then Michal took a household idol and put it on the bed.⁠ She put a quilt made of goats’ hair over its head and then covered the idol with a garment.⁠ 14 When Saul sent messengers to arrest David, she said, “He’s sick.” 15 Then Saul sent the messengers back to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me on his bed so I can kill him.” 16 When the messengers came, they found only the idol on the bed and the quilt made of goats’ hair at its head. 17 Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me this way by sending my enemy away? Now he has escaped!” Michal replied to Saul, “He said to me, ‘Help me get away or else I will kill you!’” 18 Now David had run away and escaped. He went to Samuel in Ramah and told him everything that Saul had done to him. Then he and Samuel went and stayed at Naioth. 19 It was reported to Saul saying, “David is at Naioth in Ramah.” 20 So Saul sent messengers to capture David. When they saw a company of prophets prophesying with Samuel standing there as their leader, the Spirit of God came upon Saul’s messengers, and they also prophesied. 21 When it was reported to Saul, he sent more messengers, but they prophesied too. So Saul sent messengers a third time, but they also prophesied. 22 Finally Saul himself went to Ramah. When he arrived at the large cistern that is in Secu, he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?” They said, “At Naioth in Ramah.” 23 So Saul went to Naioth in Ramah.⁠ The Spirit of God came upon him as well, and he walked along prophesying until he came to Naioth in Ramah. 24 He even stripped off his clothes and prophesied before Samuel. He lay there naked all that day and night. (For that reason it is asked, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”)

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 31:19 and 1 Samuel 19:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Genesis 31, Rachel hides her father’s household idols in her camel’s saddle to evade Laban. 1 Samuel 19 echoes this moment when Michal places the same kind of idol under a goat-hair cover in David’s bed to deceive Saul’s messengers.

Passages

Genesis 31:19

Hebrew Bible
18 He took away all the livestock he had acquired in Paddan Aram and all his moveable property that he had accumulated. Then he set out toward the land of Canaan to return to his father Isaac. 19 While Laban had gone to shear his sheep, Rachel stole the household idols that belonged to her father. 20 Jacob also deceived Laban the Aramean by not telling him that he was leaving.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

1 Samuel 19:13

Hebrew Bible
12 So Michal lowered David through the window, and he ran away and escaped. 13 Then Michal took a household idol and put it on the bed. She put a quilt made of goats’ hair over its head and then covered the idol with a garment. 14 When Saul sent messengers to arrest David, she said, “He’s sick.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

References

... The term tĕrāpîm itself appears 15 times in the Old Testament. Genesis 31:19, 34, and 35 speak clearly of tĕrāpîm as small-scale cultic objects: Rachel steals and hides her father’s tĕrāpîm in her saddlebag or under the saddle-cloth. In Judges 17:4-5, Micah makes two ritual objects for the newly founded sanctuary. The first is the ʾepōd, the second the tĕrāpîm. Both belong together with the pesel ūmassēkāh as objects necessary for the sanctuary (see also Judges 18:14, 17, 18, and 20). 1 Samuel 15:23 is a Deuteronomistic polemic against certain forms of religious practice. The tĕrāpîm are here mentioned in the context of qōsēm "divination." 1 Samuel 19:8-24 describes David’s escape from Saul’s men. To help her husband to escape, Michal, in 1 Samuel 19:13, 16, puts a cloth-covered tĕrāpîm in the bed, along with a wig of goat’s hair, saying her husband is lying sick in bed ...
Rainer Albertz and Rüdiger Schmitt, Family and Household Religion in Ancient Israel and the Levant (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2012), 60–61.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 31:19 and 1 Samuel 19:13

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