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1 Samuel

About this book
Chapter 11

1 Nahash the Ammonite marched against Jabesh Gilead.⁠ All the men of Jabesh Gilead said to Nahash, “Make a treaty with us and we will serve you.” 2 But Nahash the Ammonite said to them, “The only way I will make a treaty with you is if you let me gouge out the right eye of every one of you and in so doing humiliate all Israel!” 3 The elders of Jabesh said to him, “Leave us alone for seven days so that we can send messengers throughout the territory of Israel. If there is no one who can deliver us, we will come out voluntarily to you.” 4 When the messengers went to Gibeah (where Saul lived) and informed the people of these matters, all the people wept loudly. 5 Now Saul was walking behind the oxen as he came from the field. Saul asked, “What has happened to the people? Why are they weeping?” So they told him about the men of Jabesh. 6 The Spirit of God rushed upon Saul when he heard these words, and he became very angry. 7 He took a pair of oxen and cut them up. Then he sent the pieces throughout the territory of Israel by the hand of messengers,⁠ who said, “Whoever does not go out after Saul and after Samuel should expect this to be done to his oxen!” Then the terror of the Lord fell on the people, and they went out as one army.⁠ 8 When Saul counted them at Bezek, the Israelites were 300,000 strong and the men of Judah numbered 30,000. 9 They said to the messengers who had come, “Here’s what you should say to the men of Jabesh Gilead: ‘Tomorrow deliverance will come to you when the sun is fully up.’” When the messengers went and told the men of Jabesh Gilead, they were happy. 10 The men of Jabesh said, “Tomorrow we will come out to you and you can do with us whatever you wish.” 11 The next day Saul placed the people in three groups. They went to the Ammonite camp during the morning watch and struck them down until the hottest part of the day. The survivors scattered; no two of them remained together. 12 Then the people said to Samuel, “Who were the ones asking, ‘Will Saul reign over us?’ Hand over those men so we may execute them!” 13 But Saul said, “No one will be killed on this day. For today the Lord has given Israel a victory!” 14 Samuel said to the people, “Come on! Let’s go to Gilgal and renew the kingship there.” 15 So all the people went to Gilgal, where they established Saul as king in the Lord’s presence. They offered up peace offerings there in the Lord’s presence. Saul and all the Israelites were very happy.

Texts in conversation

Compare Judges 20:11 and 1 Samuel 11:7

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The phrase "all Israel as one man" describes national unity. Judges uses it when the tribes unite against a crime in Gibeah, with Jabesh Gilead as the exception. In 1 Samuel Saul rescues that town and brings unity, tying his rise to the earlier division.

Passages

Judges 20:11

Hebrew Bible
10 We will take ten of every group of a hundred men from all the tribes of Israel (and a hundred of every group of a thousand, and a thousand of every group of ten thousand) to get supplies for the army. When they arrive in Gibeah of Benjamin, they will punish them for the atrocity that they committed in Israel.” 11 So all the men of Israel gathered together at the city as allies. 12 The tribes of Israel sent men throughout the tribe of Benjamin, saying, “How could such a wicked thing take place?
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

1 Samuel 11:7

Hebrew Bible
6 The Spirit of God rushed upon Saul when he heard these words, and he became very angry. 7 He took a pair of oxen and cut them up. Then he sent the pieces throughout the territory of Israel by the hand of messengers, who said, “Whoever does not go out after Saul and after Samuel should expect this to be done to his oxen!” Then the terror of the Lord fell on the people, and they went out as one army. 8 When Saul counted them at Bezek, the Israelites were 300,000 strong and the men of Judah numbered 30,000.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

References

"... The action by the Levite and by Saul (accompanied by his threat) is answered by all Israel "as one man" (Judges 20:1, 11; 1 Samuel 11:7), as might be expected with such an action. However, despite this "as one man", one group is missing in the account in Judges, namely the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead, thus increasing the contrast between Jabesh-Gilead and Israel - as one man. On the other hand, the coming out of Israel "as one man" in 1 Samuel 11:7 on behalf of Jabesh-Gilead is striking - the summons by a Benjaminite (Saul) was answered in contrast to the disobedience of the tribe at the punitive expedition against Gibeah. Then, Benjamin's behaviour could only be described as a cover up and as approval of the town's behavior ... What is described between those two phrases is what happens when there is no king in Israel. In this way this story seems to function as a legitimation of the rise of the monarchy. It should, however, not be overlooked that when a new king was finally anointed, this king came from Gibeah, of all towns in Israel, exactly the town where this folly took place ... I have demonstrated that the story of Sodom and Gomorrah is part of a triptych. The central panel of this triptych is the story of the outrage at Gibeah in Judges 19-21. The left, opening panel is the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, the right panel is the story of Saul's rescue of Jabesh-Gilead. By means of various signs, these three stories are linked to each other: the story of Gibeah in Judges 19-21 is the key text, yet without the side panel of Sodom and Gomorrah it loses much of its power. Precisely as a result of a combination of these three stories, Saul is depicted as a direct descendant of Gibeah, the Sodom of Benjamin, and is in this respect a true Sodomite ..."
Raymind de Hoop, “Saul the Sodomite: Genesis 18-19 as the Opening Panel of a Polemic Triptych on King Saul,” in Sodom’s Sin: Genesis 18-19 and Its Interpretations, ed. Edward Noort and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 17–26.

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Judges 20:11 and 1 Samuel 11:7

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