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1 Peter

About this book
Chapter 3

1 In the same way, wives, be subject to your own husbands.⁠ Then, even if some are disobedient to the word, they will be won over without a word by the way you live, 2 when they see your pure and reverent conduct. 3 Let your beauty not be external—the braiding of hair and wearing of gold jewelry or fine clothes—⁠ 4 but the inner person of the heart, the lasting beauty of a gentle and tranquil spirit, which is precious in God’s sight. 5 For in the same way the holy women who hoped in God long ago adorned themselves by being subject to their husbands, 6 like Sarah who obeyed Abraham, calling him lord. You become her children when you do what is good and have no fear in doing so. 7 Husbands, in the same way, treat your wives with consideration as the weaker partners and show them honor as fellow heirs of the grace of life. In this way nothing will hinder your prayers. 8 Finally, all of you be harmonious, sympathetic, affectionate, compassionate, and humble. 9 Do not return evil for evil or insult for insult, but instead bless others because you were called to inherit a blessing.⁠ 10 For the one who wants to love life and see good days must keep his tongue from evil and his lips from uttering deceit. 11 And he must turn away from evil and do good; he must seek peace and pursue it.⁠ 12 For the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous and his ears are open to their prayer. But the Lord’s face is against those who do evil. 13 For who is going to harm you if you are devoted to what is good? 14 But in fact, if you happen to suffer for doing what is right, you are blessed. But do not be terrified of them or be shaken.⁠ 15 But set Christ apart as Lord in your hearts and always be ready to give an answer to anyone who asks about the hope you possess.⁠ 16 Yet do it with courtesy and respect, keeping a good conscience, so that those who slander your good conduct in Christ may be put to shame when they accuse you. 17 For it is better to suffer for doing good, if God wills it, than for doing evil. 18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust,⁠ to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit.⁠ 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison,⁠ 20 after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water.⁠ 21 And this prefigured baptism, which now saves you—not the washing off of physical dirt but the pledge of a good conscience to God—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who went into heaven and is at the right hand of God with angels and authorities and powers subject to him.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 75:3 and 1 Peter 3:22

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

1 Peter says that angels and powers are under Jesus’s authority, using language similar to 1 Enoch that describes the angel Uriel ruling over the sun, moon, and stars. Both describe a hierarchy in cosmic order, where heavenly beings have ranks and roles.

Passages

1 Enoch 75:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
2 Due to these lights, people often miscalculate, for these lights indeed serve at specific world-stations: one in the first portal, one in the third, one in the fourth, and one in the sixth portal of heaven, ensuring the year's precision through its distinct 364 stations. 3 Uriel, the angel appointed by the Lord of glory to oversee all the celestial bodies in heaven and on earth, showed me the signs, times, years, and days. These celestial bodies govern the sky and are visible on Earth, leading day and night—the sun, moon, stars, and all entities that make their circuits in the celestial chariots.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

1 Peter 3:22

New Testament
18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit. 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison, 20 after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water. 21 And this prefigured baptism, which now saves you—not the washing off of physical dirt but the pledge of a good conscience to God—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who went into heaven and is at the right hand of God with angels and authorities and powers subject to him.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

References

"... The idea of powers reminds one of references to celestial beings designated by words such as 'authorities' or 'powers' in various texts ... both terms can be found in the Pauline epistles (1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 3:10, 6:12; Col 1:16; 2:10, 15) ... Another passage of interest is 1 Peter 3:22, where it is said of Jesus Christ that he 'has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, with angels, authorities, and powers made subject to him' ..."
George W. E. Nickelsburg, A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 37-82 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012), 461.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 75:3 and 1 Peter 3:22

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