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1 Peter

About this book
Chapter 3

1 In the same way, wives, be subject to your own husbands.⁠ Then, even if some are disobedient to the word, they will be won over without a word by the way you live, 2 when they see your pure and reverent conduct. 3 Let your beauty not be external—the braiding of hair and wearing of gold jewelry or fine clothes—⁠ 4 but the inner person of the heart, the lasting beauty of a gentle and tranquil spirit, which is precious in God’s sight. 5 For in the same way the holy women who hoped in God long ago adorned themselves by being subject to their husbands, 6 like Sarah who obeyed Abraham, calling him lord. You become her children when you do what is good and have no fear in doing so. 7 Husbands, in the same way, treat your wives with consideration as the weaker partners and show them honor as fellow heirs of the grace of life. In this way nothing will hinder your prayers. 8 Finally, all of you be harmonious, sympathetic, affectionate, compassionate, and humble. 9 Do not return evil for evil or insult for insult, but instead bless others because you were called to inherit a blessing.⁠ 10 For the one who wants to love life and see good days must keep his tongue from evil and his lips from uttering deceit. 11 And he must turn away from evil and do good; he must seek peace and pursue it.⁠ 12 For the eyes of the Lord are upon the righteous and his ears are open to their prayer. But the Lord’s face is against those who do evil. 13 For who is going to harm you if you are devoted to what is good? 14 But in fact, if you happen to suffer for doing what is right, you are blessed. But do not be terrified of them or be shaken.⁠ 15 But set Christ apart as Lord in your hearts and always be ready to give an answer to anyone who asks about the hope you possess.⁠ 16 Yet do it with courtesy and respect, keeping a good conscience, so that those who slander your good conduct in Christ may be put to shame when they accuse you. 17 For it is better to suffer for doing good, if God wills it, than for doing evil. 18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust,⁠ to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit.⁠ 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison,⁠ 20 after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water.⁠ 21 And this prefigured baptism, which now saves you—not the washing off of physical dirt but the pledge of a good conscience to God—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who went into heaven and is at the right hand of God with angels and authorities and powers subject to him.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Peter 3:19 and Apocalypse of Peter 1:22

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

1 Peter says Jesus preached to the spirits in prison who disobeyed in Noah’s day. The Apocalypse of Peter draws on the same Watchers tradition, with Uriel leading up the souls of sinners who perished in the flood for judgment.

Passages

1 Peter 3:19

New Testament
18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit. 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison, 20 after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

Apocalypse of Peter 1:22

Early Christian · Revelation of Peter
21 Then he will command them to enter into the river of fire, while the works of every one of them stand before them, repaying each according to his deeds. As for the elect who have done good, they will come to me and not see death by the devouring fire. But the unrighteous, the sinners, and the hypocrites will stand in the depths of darkness that will not pass away, and their punishment is the fire. Angels bring forward their sins and prepare for them a place where they will be punished forever, each according to his transgression. 22 Uriel, the angel of God, will bring forth the souls of those sinners who perished in the flood, and of all who dwelt in idols, in every molten image, in every object of devotion, and in pictures, and of those who dwelt on all hills and in stones and by the wayside, whom people called gods. They will burn them together in everlasting fire; and after all of them with their dwelling places are destroyed, they will be punished eternally.
100–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Peter

References

“... Comparable to the setting in the Enochic narrative in the Book of the Watchers (see 1 Enoch 10:1-3), the Petrine author links the captive spirits to the time of the flood (1 Peter 3:20). Jesus’ encounter with the imprisoned beings in 1 Peter 3:19-20 is likened to Enoch’s viewing of places of punishment and intercession for the rebellious watchers. Nickelsburg extends the inventory of comparisons by identifying close verbal parallels that suggest to him that 1 Enoch 108 was known to a Petrine author. Let us take up briefly the points he makes. 1 Enoch 108 and 1 Peter encourage faithfulness in the midst of suffering with the promise of eventual compensation, and both employ similar expressions to communicate about these themes; we should note that 1 Enoch 108 is extant only in Ge’ez which Nickelsburg typically paraphrases for the sake of the list. References to ‘seed’ (or ‘offspring’) ‘that will perish forever’ (1 Enoch 108:3) and ‘perishable seed’ (1 Peter 1:23), to spirits slaughtered and kept in a desolate, burning place (1 Enoch 108:3-6) and ‘imprisoned spirits’ (1 Peter 3:19-20) ...”
Kelley Coblentz Bautch, “Peter and the Patriarch: A Confluence of Traditions?” in With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish Apocalypticism, Magic, and Mysticism, ed. Daphna V. Arbel and Andrei A. Orlov, Ekstasis: Religious Experience from Antiquity to the Middle Ages 2 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2011), 13–27.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Peter 3:19 and Apocalypse of Peter 1:22

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