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1 Peter

About this book
Chapter 2

1 So get rid of all evil and all deceit and hypocrisy and envy and all slander. 2 And yearn like newborn infants for pure, spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow up to salvation, 3 if you have tasted the Lord’s kindness.⁠ 4 So as you come to him, a living stone rejected by men but chosen and precious in God’s sight,⁠ 5 you yourselves, as living stones, are built up as a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood and to offer spiritual sacrifices that are acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. 6 For it says in scripture, “Look, I lay in Zion a stone, a chosen and precious cornerstone, and whoever believes in him will never be put to shame.”⁠ 7 So you who believe see his value, but for those who do not believe, the stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone,⁠ 8 and a stumbling-stone and a rock to trip over. They stumble because they disobey the word, as they were destined to do. 9 But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people of his own,⁠ so that you may proclaim the virtues of the one who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light. 10 You once were not a people, but now you are God’s people. You were shown no mercy, but now you have received mercy. 11 Dear friends, I urge you as foreigners and exiles⁠ to keep away from fleshly desires that do battle against the soul,⁠ 12 and maintain good conduct among the non-Christians, so that though they now malign you as wrongdoers, they may see your good deeds and glorify God when he appears.⁠ 13 Be subject to every human institution for the Lord’s sake, whether to a king as supreme⁠ 14 or to governors as those he commissions to punish wrongdoers and praise those who do good. 15 For God wants you to silence the ignorance of foolish people by doing good. 16 Live as free people, not using your freedom as a pretext for evil, but as God’s slaves. 17 Honor all people, love the family of believers, fear God, honor the king.⁠ 18 Slaves, be subject to your masters with all reverence, not only to those who are good and gentle, but also to those who are perverse. 19 For this finds God’s favor, if because of conscience toward God someone endures hardships in suffering unjustly. 20 For what credit is it if you sin and are mistreated and endure it? But if you do good and suffer and so endure, this finds favor with God. 21 For to this you were called, since Christ also suffered for you, leaving an example for you to follow in his steps. 22 He committed no sin nor was deceit found in his mouth.⁠ 23 When he was maligned, he did not answer back; when he suffered, he threatened no retaliation, but committed himself to God who judges justly. 24 He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we may cease from sinning and live for righteousness. By his wounds you were healed.⁠ 25 For you were going astray like sheep but now you have turned back to the shepherd and guardian of your souls.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Isaiah 53:9 and 1 Peter 2:22

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

1 Peter uses the language of Isaiah 53 to describe one who suffers unjustly yet doesn't speak out, interpreting Jesus as the servant who endures violence without retaliation. Isaiah’s image of suffering becomes a model for interpreting Jesus’ suffering.

Passages

LXX Isaiah 53:9

Septuagint
7 And he, because of his affliction, does not open his mouth: he was led as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before the shearer is silent, so he does not open his mouth. 8 In his humiliation his judgment was taken away: who shall declare his generation? for his life is taken away from the earth: because of the iniquities of my people he was led to death. 9 And I will give the wicked for his burial, and the rich for his death; for he practiced no iniquity, nor was craft found in his mouth. 10 The Lord also wishes to cleanse him from his stroke. If you can give an offering for sin, your soul shall see a long-lived seed: the Lord also wishes to take away 11 from the labor of his soul, to show him light, and to form him with understanding; to justify the just one who serves many well; and he shall bear their sins.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

1 Peter 2:22

New Testament
20 For what credit is it if you sin and are mistreated and endure it? But if you do good and suffer and so endure, this finds favor with God. 21 For to this you were called, since Christ also suffered for you, leaving an example for you to follow in his steps. 22 He committed no sin nor was deceit found in his mouth. 23 When he was maligned, he did not answer back; when he suffered, he threatened no retaliation, but committed himself to God who judges justly. 24 He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we may cease from sinning and live for righteousness. By his wounds you were healed.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

References

"... The blood of the lamb had apotropaic rather than redemptive value. Since the New Testament references to Christ as paschal lamb leave no doubt about that context (1 Corinthians 5:7; John 19:36), and since the phrase does not occur in the description of the original Passover lamb, it seems likely that the primary reference here is not to Passover. Our author's citation of phrases from Isaiah 53 in 2:22-25 has called attention to Isaiah 53:7 as a possible source of this language, but the absence of any common vocabulary other than the word for lamb renders such an origin questionable ..."
Paul J. Achtemeier, 1 Peter: A Commentary on First Peter (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996), 128–129.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Isaiah 53:9 and 1 Peter 2:22

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