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1 Kings

About this book
Chapter 9

1 After Solomon finished building the Lord’s temple, the royal palace, and all the other construction projects he had planned, 2 the Lord appeared to Solomon a second time, in the same way he had appeared to him at Gibeon. 3 The Lord said to him, “I have answered your prayer and your request for help that you made to me. I have consecrated this temple you built by making it my permanent home; I will be constantly present there. 4 You must serve me with integrity and sincerity, just as your father David did. Do everything I commanded and obey my rules and regulations. 5 Then I will allow your dynasty to rule over Israel permanently, just as I promised your father David, ‘You will not fail to have a successor on the throne of Israel.’ 6 “But if you or your sons ever turn away from me, fail to obey the regulations and rules I instructed you to keep, and decide to serve and worship other gods, 7 then I will remove Israel from the land I have given them, I will abandon this temple I have consecrated with my presence, and Israel will be mocked and ridiculed among all the nations. 8 This temple will become a heap of ruins; everyone who passes by it will be shocked and will hiss out their scorn, saying, ‘Why did the Lord do this to this land⁠ and this temple?’ 9 Others will then answer, ‘Because they abandoned the Lord their God, who led their ancestors out of Egypt. They embraced other gods whom they worshiped and served. That is why the Lord has brought all this disaster down on them.’” 10 After 20 years, during which Solomon built the Lord’s temple and the royal palace, 11 King Solomon gave King Hiram of Tyre 20 towns in the region of Galilee, because Hiram had supplied Solomon with cedars, evergreens, and all the gold he wanted. 12 When Hiram went out from Tyre to inspect the towns Solomon had given him, he was not pleased with them. 13 Hiram asked, “Why did you give me these towns, my friend?”⁠ He called that area the region of Cabul, a name which it has retained to this day. 14 Hiram had sent to the king 120 talents of gold. 15 Here are the details concerning the forced labor* King Solomon conscripted to build the Lord’s temple,⁠ his palace, the terrace, the wall of Jerusalem, and the cities of Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer. 16 (Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had attacked and captured Gezer. He burned it and killed the Canaanites who lived in the city. He gave it as a wedding present to his daughter, who had married Solomon.) 17 Solomon built up Gezer, lower Beth Horon, 18 Baalath, Tadmor in the wilderness, 19 all the storage cities that belonged to him,⁠ and the cities where chariots and horses were kept. He built whatever he wanted in Jerusalem, Lebanon, and throughout his entire kingdom. 20 Now several non-Israelite peoples were left in the land after the conquest of Joshua, including the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites.⁠ 21 Their descendants remained in the land (the Israelites were unable to wipe them out completely). Solomon conscripted them for his work crews, and they continue in that role to this very day. 22 Solomon did not assign Israelites to these work crews; the Israelites served as his soldiers, attendants, officers, charioteers, and commanders of his chariot forces. 23 These men were also in charge of Solomon’s work projects; there were a total of 550 men who supervised the workers. 24 Solomon built the terrace as soon as Pharaoh’s daughter moved up from the City of David to the palace Solomon built for her. 25 Three times a year Solomon offered burnt offerings and peace offerings on the altar he had built for the Lord, burning incense along with them before the Lord. He made the temple his official worship place. 26 King Solomon also built ships in Ezion Geber, which is located near Elat in the land of Edom, on the shore of the Red Sea. 27 Hiram sent his fleet and some of his sailors, who were well acquainted with the sea, to serve with Solomon’s men. 28 They sailed to Ophir, took from there 420 talents of gold, and then brought them to King Solomon.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 7:1 and 1 Kings 9:20

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy commands the destruction of the Canaanites and forbids treaties or marriage with them. 1 Kings later says they were not destroyed but placed under forced labor, perhaps rejecting or reshaping the tradition that required their destruction.

Passages

Deuteronomy 7:1

Hebrew Bible
1 When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you—Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations more numerous and powerful than you— 2 and he delivers them over to you and you attack them, you must utterly annihilate them. Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy! 3 You must not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

1 Kings 9:20

Hebrew Bible
18 Baalath, Tadmor in the wilderness, 19 all the storage cities that belonged to him, and the cities where chariots and horses were kept. He built whatever he wanted in Jerusalem, Lebanon, and throughout his entire kingdom. 20 Now several non-Israelite peoples were left in the land after the conquest of Joshua, including the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 21 Their descendants remained in the land (the Israelites were unable to wipe them out completely). Solomon conscripted them for his work crews, and they continue in that role to this very day. 22 Solomon did not assign Israelites to these work crews; the Israelites served as his soldiers, attendants, officers, charioteers, and commanders of his chariot forces.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

References

"... According to the herem law in the book of Deuteronomy, the herem applies to all seven pre-Israelite peoples anyway and the Israelites' vow to put to herem the Canaanites of Jericho and Arad and its environs is thus superfluous. It was the book of Deuteronomy which conceived the herem as a commandment which automatically applied to all the inhabitants of the land, whether they fought or not. This herem is not conditional on any vow or dedication; rather, it is from the beginning an a priori decree, which belongs more to the realm of utopian theory than to practice. Indeed, in practice, the inhabitants of the Canaanite cities were not destroyed but rather placed under corvee labor, as we learn from 1 Kings 9:20-21 ... The law of herem in Deuteronomy is then a utopian law which was written in retrospect. Deuteronomy adopted for itself the commandments of the old herem, which was practiced in encounters with the enemies and which was intertwined with a vow and with a dedication in proclaiming herem, but Deuteronomy applied it in the manner of his theoretical herem concerning all the pre-Israelite inhabitants. Furthermore, according to Deuteronomy not only the population which dwelled west of the Jordan were subject to the herem but also the Transjordan population (Deuteronomy 2:34; 3:10), which, according to the Deuteronomic view, is a part of the promised land ..."
Moshe Weinfeld, “The Ban on the Canaanites in the Biblical Codes and its Historical Development,” in History and Traditions of Early Israel: Studies Presented to Eduard Nielsen, ed. Benedikt Otzen, VTSup 50 (Leiden: Brill, 1993), 142–160.

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Deuteronomy 7:1 and 1 Kings 9:20

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