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1 Kings

About this book
Chapter 14

1 At that time Jeroboam’s son Abijah became sick.⁠ 2 Jeroboam told his wife, “Disguise yourself so that people cannot recognize you are Jeroboam’s wife. Then go to Shiloh; Ahijah the prophet, who told me I would rule over this nation, lives there. 3 Take 10 loaves of bread, some small cakes, and a container of honey and visit him. He will tell you what will happen to the boy.” 4 Jeroboam’s wife did as she was told. She went to Shiloh and visited Ahijah. Now Ahijah could not see; he had lost his eyesight in his old age. 5 But the Lord had told Ahijah, “Look, Jeroboam’s wife is coming to find out from you what will happen to her son, for he is sick. Tell her such and such. When she comes, she will be in a disguise.” 6 When Ahijah heard the sound of her footsteps as she came through the door, he said, “Come on in, wife of Jeroboam! Why are you pretending to be someone else? I have been commissioned to give you bad news. 7 Go, tell Jeroboam, ‘This is what the Lord God of Israel has said: “I raised you up from among the people and made you ruler over my people Israel. 8 I tore the kingdom away from the Davidic dynasty and gave it to you. But you are not like my servant David, who kept my commandments and followed me wholeheartedly by doing only what I approve. 9 You have sinned more than all who came before you. You went and angered me by making other gods, formed out of metal; you have completely disregarded me.⁠ 10 So I am ready to bring disaster on the dynasty of Jeroboam. I will cut off every last male belonging to Jeroboam in Israel, including even the weak and incapacitated. I will burn up the dynasty of Jeroboam, just as one burns manure until it is completely consumed. 11 Dogs will eat the members of your family who die in the city, and the birds of the sky will eat the ones who die in the country.”’⁠ Indeed, the Lord has announced it! 12 “As for you, get up and go home. When you set foot in the city, the boy will die. 13 All Israel will mourn him and bury him. He is the only one in Jeroboam’s family who will receive a decent burial, for he is the only one in whom the Lord God of Israel found anything good. 14 The Lord will raise up a king over Israel who will cut off Jeroboam’s dynasty. It is ready to happen! 15 The Lord will attack Israel, making it like a reed that sways in the water. He will remove Israel from this good land he gave to their ancestors and scatter them beyond the Euphrates River, because they angered the Lord by making Asherah poles. 16 He will hand Israel over to their enemies because of the sins which Jeroboam committed⁠ and which he made Israel commit.” 17 So Jeroboam’s wife got up and went back to Tirzah. As she crossed the threshold of the house, the boy died. 18 All Israel buried him and mourned for him, in keeping with the Lord’s message that he had spoken through his servant, the prophet Ahijah. 19 The rest of the events of Jeroboam’s reign, including the details of his battles and rule, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Israel.⁠ 20 Jeroboam ruled for 22 years; then he passed away. His son Nadab replaced him as king.⁠ 21 Now Rehoboam son of Solomon ruled in Judah. He was forty-one years old when he became king, and he ruled for 17 years in Jerusalem, the city the Lord chose from all the tribes of Israel to be his home. His mother was an Ammonite woman named Naamah. 22 Judah did evil in the sight of the Lord. They made him more jealous by their sins than their ancestors had done. 23 They even built for themselves high places, sacred pillars, and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree.⁠ 24 There were also male cultic prostitutes in the land. They committed the same horrible sins as the nations that the Lord had driven out from before the Israelites. 25 In King Rehoboam’s fifth year, King Shishak of Egypt attacked Jerusalem. 26 He took away the treasures of the Lord’s temple and of the royal palace; he took everything, including all the golden shields that Solomon had made. 27 King Rehoboam made bronze shields to replace them and assigned them to the officers of the royal guard who protected the entrance to the royal palace. 28 Whenever the king visited the Lord’s temple, the royal guard carried them and then brought them back to the guardroom. 29 The rest of the events of Rehoboam’s reign, including his accomplishments, are recorded in the scroll called the Annals of the Kings of Judah.⁠ 30 Rehoboam and Jeroboam were continually at war with each other. 31 Rehoboam passed away and was buried with his ancestors in the City of David. His mother was an Ammonite named Naamah. His son Abijah replaced him as king.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 28:26 and 1 Kings 14:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

1 Kings 14 echoes Deuteronomy 28, showing the denial of burial as a sign of disgrace with bodies left to be eaten by animals. This connects Jeroboam’s family to the covenantal curses in Deuteronomy, where disobedience results in humiliating death.

Passages

Deuteronomy 28:26

Hebrew Bible
24 The Lord will make the rain of your land powder and dust; it will come down on you from the sky until you are destroyed. 25 “The Lord will allow you to be struck down before your enemies; you will attack them from one direction but flee from them in seven directions and will become an object of terror to all the kingdoms of the earth. 26 Your carcasses will be food for every bird of the sky and wild animal of the earth, and there will be no one to chase them off. 27 The Lord will afflict you with the boils of Egypt and with tumors, eczema, and scabies, all of which cannot be healed. 28 The Lord will also subject you to madness, blindness, and confusion of mind.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

1 Kings 14:11

Hebrew Bible
9 You have sinned more than all who came before you. You went and angered me by making other gods, formed out of metal; you have completely disregarded me. 10 So I am ready to bring disaster on the dynasty of Jeroboam. I will cut off every last male belonging to Jeroboam in Israel, including even the weak and incapacitated. I will burn up the dynasty of Jeroboam, just as one burns manure until it is completely consumed. 11 Dogs will eat the members of your family who die in the city, and the birds of the sky will eat the ones who die in the country.”’ Indeed, the Lord has announced it! 12 “As for you, get up and go home. When you set foot in the city, the boy will die. 13 All Israel will mourn him and bury him. He is the only one in Jeroboam’s family who will receive a decent burial, for he is the only one in whom the Lord God of Israel found anything good.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

References

"... we have a general picture of what is considered “an acceptable death.” In particular the importance of burial is widely attested. Herbert Brichto summarizes the evidence within ancient Israel ... One might add to this description the idea that proper burial confirms the positive reputation of the deceased. “Peaceful burial with one’s ancestors is itself seen as a reward for a good life. In contrast, sinners in the bible are repeatedly cursed with denial of burial. (Bloch-Smith cites Deuteronomy 28:25–26; I Kings 13:22, 14:10–11; Jeremiah 16:4) Explicit expressions of the dread and horror of being left unburied, coupled with an understanding of such a death as severe punishment, appear in many different texts. Deuteronomy 28:26 lists this concern in the midst of a long list of curses: “Your carcasses shall become food for all the birds of the sky and all the beasts of the earth, with none to frighten them off.” In a near echo of that sentiment, Jeremiah 7:33 announces: “The carcasses of this people shall be food for the birds of the sky and the beasts of the earth, with none to frighten them off.” Royalty does not avoid such a fate. In I Kings 14:11, whether they dwell in the town or in the countryside, the descendants of King Jeroboam are doomed to a horrible end. Those of Jeroboam “who die in the town shall be devoured by dogs; and anyone who dies in the open country shall be eaten by the birds of the air.” Isaiah 14:18–20 is another good example of such a punishment, this time meted out against the King of Babylon ..."
Adriane Leveen, Memory and Tradition in the Book of Numbers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 159–160.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 28:26 and 1 Kings 14:11

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