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1 Kings

About this book
Chapter 10

1 When the queen of Sheba heard about Solomon, she came to challenge him with difficult questions.⁠ 2 She arrived in Jerusalem with a great display of pomp, bringing with her camels carrying spices, a very large quantity of gold, and precious gems.⁠ She visited Solomon and discussed with him everything that was on her mind. 3 Solomon answered all her questions; there was no question too complex for the king. 4 When the queen of Sheba saw for herself Solomon’s extensive wisdom, the palace he had built,⁠ 5 the food in his banquet hall, his servants and attendants, their robes, his cupbearers, and his burnt offerings which he presented in the Lord’s temple, she was amazed. 6 She said to the king, “The report I heard in my own country about your wise sayings and insight was true! 7 I did not believe these things until I came and saw them with my own eyes. Indeed, I didn’t hear even half the story! Your wisdom and wealth surpass what was reported to me. 8 Your attendants, who stand before you at all times and hear your wise sayings, are truly happy! 9 May the Lord your God be praised because he favored you by placing you on the throne of Israel! Because of the Lord’s eternal love for Israel, he made you king so you could make just and right decisions.” 10 She gave the king 120 talents of gold, a very large quantity of spices, and precious gems. The quantity of spices the queen of Sheba gave King Solomon has never been matched. 11 (Hiram’s fleet, which carried gold from Ophir, also brought from Ophir a very large quantity of fine timber and precious gems. 12 With the timber the king made supports for the Lord’s temple and for the royal palace and stringed instruments for the musicians. No one has seen so much of this fine timber to this very day.) 13 King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba everything she requested, besides what he had freely offered her. Then she left and returned to her homeland with her attendants. 14 Solomon received 666 talents of gold per year,⁠ 15 besides what he collected from the merchants, traders, Arabian kings, and governors of the land. 16 King Solomon made 200 large shields of hammered gold;⁠ 600 measures of gold were used for each shield. 17 He also made 300 small shields of hammered gold; three minas of gold were used for each of these shields. The king placed them in the Palace of the Lebanon Forest. 18 The king made a large throne decorated with ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. 19 There were six steps leading up to the throne, and the back of it was rounded on top. The throne had two armrests with a statue of a lion standing on each side. 20 There were 12 statues of lions on the six steps, one lion at each end of each step. There was nothing like it in any other kingdom. 21 All of King Solomon’s cups were made of gold, and all the household items in the Palace of the Lebanon Forest were made of pure gold. There were no silver items, for silver was not considered very valuable in Solomon’s time. 22 Along with Hiram’s fleet, the king had a fleet of large merchant ships that sailed the sea. Once every three years the fleet came into port with cargoes of gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.⁠ 23 King Solomon was wealthier and wiser than any of the kings of the earth. 24 Everyone in the world wanted to visit Solomon to see him display his God-given wisdom. 25 Year after year visitors brought their gifts, which included items of silver, items of gold, clothes, perfume, spices, horses, and mules. 26 Solomon accumulated chariots and horses. He had 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses. He kept them in assigned cities and in Jerusalem.⁠ 27 The king made silver as plentiful in Jerusalem as stones; cedar was as plentiful as sycamore fig trees are in the foothills. 28 Solomon acquired his horses from Egypt and from Que; the king’s traders purchased them from Que. 29 They paid 600 silver pieces for each chariot from Egypt and 150 silver pieces for each horse. They also sold chariots and horses to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Syria.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 17:16 and 1 Kings 10:27

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Deuteronomy 17, Moses warns that a king must not accumulate horses or lead the people back to Egypt to obtain them. In 1 Kings 10, Solomon is described accumulating horses, gold, and wealth on a large scale, disobeying those requirements.

Passages

Deuteronomy 17:16

Hebrew Bible
14 When you come to the land the Lord your God is giving you and take it over and live in it and then say, “I will select a king like all the nations surrounding me,” 15 you must select without fail a king whom the Lord your God chooses. From among your fellow citizens you must appoint a king—you may not designate a foreigner who is not one of your fellow Israelites. 16 Moreover, he must not accumulate horses for himself or allow the people to return to Egypt to do so, for the Lord has said you must never again return that way. 17 Furthermore, he must not marry many wives lest his affections turn aside, and he must not accumulate much silver and gold. 18 When he sits on his royal throne he must make a copy of this law on a scroll given to him by the Levitical priests.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

1 Kings 10:27

Hebrew Bible
25 Year after year visitors brought their gifts, which included items of silver, items of gold, clothes, perfume, spices, horses, and mules. 26 Solomon accumulated chariots and horses. He had 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses. He kept them in assigned cities and in Jerusalem. 27 The king made silver as plentiful in Jerusalem as stones; cedar was as plentiful as sycamore fig trees are in the foothills. 28 Solomon acquired his horses from Egypt and from Que; the king’s traders purchased them from Que. 29 They paid 600 silver pieces for each chariot from Egypt and 150 silver pieces for each horse. They also sold chariots and horses to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Syria.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

References

"... In Deuteronomy 17, the selection process for kingship had been sketched for the people: they were to appoint a man chosen by God, from among their “brothers,” not a foreigner (verse 15). One curious stipulation was that he was not to acquire “a great number of horses for himself nor make the people return to Egypt to get more of them” (verse 16). In fact, Hebrew kingship was based on two covenants that defined the duties of the crown toward God and toward the people: his relationship to God was “conceived as that of a vassal toward his overlord. He was installed in the office by divine election, on condition that he remain loyal to God and keep his laws (2 Samuel 23:5; Psalm 132:12). Whenever the king transgressed the terms of this covenant, he could be criticized by priests and prophets.” ... In building his army and outfitting his men, King Solomon displayed his taste for opulence. His shields of hammered gold (1 Kings 10:16), his chariots and horses, his fleet of trading ships “carrying gold, silver and ivory, and apes and baboons” led the scribe to observe: “King Solomon was greater in riches and wisdom than all the other kings of the earth” (1 Kings 10:22–23). His main strategy for maintaining international power was less by force than by marriage. He “loved many foreign women” starting with the Pharaoh’s daughter, leading eventually to “Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, and Hittites” (1 Kings 10:27) ..."
Nancy M. Tischler, All Things in the Bible (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006), 339–341.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 17:16 and 1 Kings 10:27

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