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1 Kings

About this book
Chapter 10

1 When the queen of Sheba heard about Solomon, she came to challenge him with difficult questions.⁠ 2 She arrived in Jerusalem with a great display of pomp, bringing with her camels carrying spices, a very large quantity of gold, and precious gems.⁠ She visited Solomon and discussed with him everything that was on her mind. 3 Solomon answered all her questions; there was no question too complex for the king. 4 When the queen of Sheba saw for herself Solomon’s extensive wisdom, the palace he had built,⁠ 5 the food in his banquet hall, his servants and attendants, their robes, his cupbearers, and his burnt offerings which he presented in the Lord’s temple, she was amazed. 6 She said to the king, “The report I heard in my own country about your wise sayings and insight was true! 7 I did not believe these things until I came and saw them with my own eyes. Indeed, I didn’t hear even half the story! Your wisdom and wealth surpass what was reported to me. 8 Your attendants, who stand before you at all times and hear your wise sayings, are truly happy! 9 May the Lord your God be praised because he favored you by placing you on the throne of Israel! Because of the Lord’s eternal love for Israel, he made you king so you could make just and right decisions.” 10 She gave the king 120 talents of gold, a very large quantity of spices, and precious gems. The quantity of spices the queen of Sheba gave King Solomon has never been matched. 11 (Hiram’s fleet, which carried gold from Ophir, also brought from Ophir a very large quantity of fine timber and precious gems. 12 With the timber the king made supports for the Lord’s temple and for the royal palace and stringed instruments for the musicians. No one has seen so much of this fine timber to this very day.) 13 King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba everything she requested, besides what he had freely offered her. Then she left and returned to her homeland with her attendants. 14 Solomon received 666 talents of gold per year,⁠ 15 besides what he collected from the merchants, traders, Arabian kings, and governors of the land. 16 King Solomon made 200 large shields of hammered gold;⁠ 600 measures of gold were used for each shield. 17 He also made 300 small shields of hammered gold; three minas of gold were used for each of these shields. The king placed them in the Palace of the Lebanon Forest. 18 The king made a large throne decorated with ivory and overlaid it with pure gold. 19 There were six steps leading up to the throne, and the back of it was rounded on top. The throne had two armrests with a statue of a lion standing on each side. 20 There were 12 statues of lions on the six steps, one lion at each end of each step. There was nothing like it in any other kingdom. 21 All of King Solomon’s cups were made of gold, and all the household items in the Palace of the Lebanon Forest were made of pure gold. There were no silver items, for silver was not considered very valuable in Solomon’s time. 22 Along with Hiram’s fleet, the king had a fleet of large merchant ships that sailed the sea. Once every three years the fleet came into port with cargoes of gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.⁠ 23 King Solomon was wealthier and wiser than any of the kings of the earth. 24 Everyone in the world wanted to visit Solomon to see him display his God-given wisdom. 25 Year after year visitors brought their gifts, which included items of silver, items of gold, clothes, perfume, spices, horses, and mules. 26 Solomon accumulated chariots and horses. He had 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses. He kept them in assigned cities and in Jerusalem.⁠ 27 The king made silver as plentiful in Jerusalem as stones; cedar was as plentiful as sycamore fig trees are in the foothills. 28 Solomon acquired his horses from Egypt and from Que; the king’s traders purchased them from Que. 29 They paid 600 silver pieces for each chariot from Egypt and 150 silver pieces for each horse. They also sold chariots and horses to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Syria.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Kings 10:2 and Psalm 72:15

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

1 Kings describes the queen of Sheba visiting Solomon with caravans carrying gold, spices, and gems. This is later referenced in Psalm 72, which describes gifts of gold being brought to the king from Sheba.

Passages

1 Kings 10:2

Hebrew Bible
1 When the queen of Sheba heard about Solomon, she came to challenge him with difficult questions. 2 She arrived in Jerusalem with a great display of pomp, bringing with her camels carrying spices, a very large quantity of gold, and precious gems. She visited Solomon and discussed with him everything that was on her mind. 3 Solomon answered all her questions; there was no question too complex for the king. 4 When the queen of Sheba saw for herself Solomon’s extensive wisdom, the palace he had built,
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

Psalm 72:15

Hebrew Bible
13 He will take pity on the poor and needy; the lives of the needy he will save. 14 From harm and violence he will defend them; he will value their lives. 15 May he live! May they offer him gold from Sheba. May they continually pray for him. May they pronounce blessings on him all day long. 16 May there be an abundance of grain in the earth; on the tops of the mountains may it sway. May its fruit trees flourish like the forests of Lebanon. May its crops be as abundant as the grass of the earth. 17 May his fame endure. May his dynasty last as long as the sun remains in the sky. May they use his name when they formulate their blessings. May all nations consider him to be favored by God.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... An otherwise anonymous person who visited the courts of king Solomon (1 Kings 10; 2 Chronicles 9). According to these accounts, the queen of Sheba heard of Solomon's fame and came to test him with hard questions (1 Kings 10:1; 2 Chronicles 9:1). She came to Jerusalem with camels loaded with spices, gold, and precious stones (1 Kings 10:2a; 2 Chronicles 9:1). She quizzed Solomon, who was able to answer all of her questions (1 Kings 10:2b–3; 2 Chronicles 9:1–2). She was thoroughly impressed by the king's wisdom and the splendor of his court and temple (1 Kings 10:4–5; 2 Chronicles 9:3–4), expressed to Solomon her amazement at his wisdom, achievements, and wealth (1 Kings 10:6–8; 2 Chronicles 9:5–7), and praised Solomon's God for the king's happy state (1 Kings 10:9; 2 Chronicles 9:8). Thereupon she gave the king an enormous amount of gold, spices, and precious stones (1 Kings 10:10; 2 Chronicles 9:9) ... The most plausible location for Sheba is in the southwest corner of the Arabian peninsula. This area, known in the native sources as Saba, already had an advanced culture by the early 1st millennium B.C. (and perhaps earlier), with urban complexes equal in size to other parts of the Near East, a sophisticated irrigation system to support agriculture, and important trade links north and west toward the Mediterranean basin and Mesopotamia and East to India. The merchants of Sheba were renowned in Israel and elsewhere in the Ancient Near East as traders in gold (Psalm 72:15; Isaiah 60:6; Ezekiel 27:22; compare Ezekiel 38:13), gems (Ezekiel 27:22), and incense (Isaiah 60:6; Jeremiah 6:20) and myrrh - products grown in various locations near the South Arabian littoral ..."
David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 8082.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Kings 10:2 and Psalm 72:15

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