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About this book

1 John

About this book
Chapter 3

1 (See what sort of love the Father has given to us: that we should be called God’s children—and indeed we are! For this reason the world does not know us: Because it did not know him.⁠ 2 Dear friends, we are God’s children now, and what we will be has not yet been revealed. We know that whenever it is revealed we will be like him because we will see him just as he is.⁠ 3 And everyone who has this hope focused on him purifies himself, just as Jesus is pure). 4 Everyone who practices sin also practices lawlessness; indeed, sin is lawlessness. 5 And you know that Jesus was revealed to take away sins, and in him there is no sin. 6 Everyone who resides in him does not sin; everyone who sins has neither seen him nor known him. 7 Little children, let no one deceive you: The one who practices righteousness is righteous, just as Jesus is righteous. 8 The one who practices sin is of the devil because the devil has been sinning from the beginning.⁠ For this purpose the Son of God was revealed: to destroy the works of the devil. 9 Everyone who has been fathered by God does not practice sin because God’s seed resides in him, and thus he is not able to sin because he has been fathered by God. 10 By this the children of God and the children of the devil are revealed: Everyone who does not practice righteousness—the one who does not love his fellow Christian—is not of God. 11 For this is the gospel message that you have heard from the beginning: that we should love one another, 12 not like Cain who was of the evil one and brutally murdered his brother.⁠ And why did he murder him? Because his deeds were evil, but his brother’s were righteous. 13 Therefore do not be surprised, brothers and sisters, if the world hates you. 14 We know that we have crossed over from death to life because we love our fellow Christians. The one who does not love remains in death. 15 Everyone who hates his fellow Christian is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life residing in him. 16 We have come to know love by this: that Jesus laid down his life for us; thus we ought to lay down our lives for our fellow Christians. 17 But whoever has the world’s possessions and sees his fellow Christian in need and shuts off his compassion against him, how can the love of God reside in such a person? 18 Little children, let us not love with word or with tongue but in deed and truth. 19 And by this we will know that we are of the truth and will convince our conscience in his presence, 20 that if our conscience condemns us, that God is greater than our conscience and knows all things. 21 Dear friends, if our conscience does not condemn us, we have confidence in the presence of God, 22 and whatever we ask we receive from him, because we keep his commandments and do the things that are pleasing to him. 23 Now this is his commandment: that we believe in the name of his Son Jesus Christ and love one another, just as he gave us the commandment. 24 And the person who keeps his commandments resides in God, and God in him. Now by this we know that God resides in us: by the Spirit he has given us.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 4:8 and 1 John 3:12

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Genesis describes how Cain kills his brother Abel using simple and direct language. 1 John recalls this narrative and intensifies it, describing Cain as slaughtering his brother and portraying him as the embodiment of hatred and evil.

Passages

Genesis 4:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Then the Lord said to Cain, “Why are you angry, and why is your expression downcast? 7 Is it not true that if you do what is right, you will be fine? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at the door. It desires to dominate you, but you must subdue it.” 8 Cain spoke to his brother Abel.21 While they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him. 9 Then the Lord said to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” And he replied, “I don’t know! Am I my brother’s guardian?” 10 But the Lord said, “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground!
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

1 John 3:12

New Testament
10 By this the children of God and the children of the devil are revealed: Everyone who does not practice righteousness—the one who does not love his fellow Christian—is not of God. 11 For this is the gospel message that you have heard from the beginning: that we should love one another, 12 not like Cain who was of the evil one and brutally murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his deeds were evil, but his brother’s were righteous. 13 Therefore do not be surprised, brothers and sisters, if the world hates you. 14 We know that we have crossed over from death to life because we love our fellow Christians. The one who does not love remains in death.
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 John

References

"... Cain is portrayed in 1 John as the original man-hater and man-murderer, and this interpretation of Cain’s story goes beyond what is reported in Genesis 4:4-9: Cain’s hatred in 1 John is the “original hatred” that comes from darkness. A reasonable conclusion, therefore, is that the author’s use in 1 John 3:12 derives from the tradition available to him, in which Cain’s action in killing his brother is intensified from an act of simple killing borne of brotherly jealousy, as portrayed in the Torah, to a manifestation of primaeval evil, done by a person who himself stands as the all-time personification of evil itself, such as we find in Philo and Josephus. Further, we have noticed that even in the LXX, Genesis 4:8 uses the word which simply means “kill”, to translate the Hebrew ַ וַ יּה גְר הוּ, “and he killed him”, which has a similar meaning, even if the Greek is slightly intensified compared to the Hebrew ... To say, as 1 John 3:12 does, that Cain ἔσφαξεν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, “slaughtered his brother, is a great step-up from the simple LXX statement ..."
Chris Armitage, “Atonement and Ethics in 1 John: A Peacemaking Hermeneutic” (PhD diss., Charles Sturt University, 2014), 220.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 4:8 and 1 John 3:12

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