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1 John

About this book
Chapter 2

1 (My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you may not sin.) But if anyone does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the Righteous One,⁠ 2 and he himself is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for our sins but also for the whole world. 3 Now by this we know that we have come to know God: if we keep his commandments. 4 The one who says “I have come to know God” and yet does not keep his commandments is a liar, and the truth is not in such a person. 5 But whoever obeys his word, truly in this person the love of God has been perfected. By this we know that we are in him. 6 The one who says he resides in God ought himself to walk just as Jesus walked. 7 Dear friends, I am not writing a new commandment to you, but an old commandment which you have had from the beginning. The old commandment is the word that you have already heard. 8 On the other hand, I am writing a new commandment to you, which is true in him and in you, because the darkness is passing away and the true light is already shining. 9 The one who says he is in the light but still hates his fellow Christian is still in the darkness. 10 The one who loves his fellow Christian resides in the light, and there is no cause for stumbling in him. 11 But the one who hates his fellow Christian is in the darkness, walks in the darkness, and does not know where he is going because the darkness has blinded his eyes. 12 I am writing to you, little children, that your sins have been forgiven because of his name.⁠ 13 I am writing to you, fathers, that you have known him who has been from the beginning.⁠ I am writing to you, young people, that you have conquered the evil one. 14 I have written to you, children, that you have known the Father. I have written to you, fathers, that you have known him who has been from the beginning. I have written to you, young people, that you are strong, and the word of God resides in you, and you have conquered the evil one. 15 Do not love the world or the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him,⁠ 16 because all that is in the world (the desire of the flesh and the desire of the eyes and the arrogance produced by material possessions) is not from the Father, but is from the world.⁠ 17 And the world is passing away with all its desires, but the person who does the will of God remains forever. 18 Children, it is the last hour, and just as you heard that the antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have appeared. We know from this that it is the last hour. 19 They went out from us, but they did not really belong to us because if they had belonged to us, they would have remained with us. But they went out from us to demonstrate that all of them do not belong to us. 20 Nevertheless you have an anointing from the Holy One, and you all know. 21 I have not written to you that you do not know the truth, but that you do know it, and that no lie is of the truth. 22 Who is the liar but the person who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This one is the antichrist: the person who denies the Father and the Son. 23 Everyone who denies the Son does not have the Father either. The person who confesses the Son has the Father also. 24 As for you, what you have heard from the beginning must remain in you. If what you heard from the beginning remains in you, you also will remain in the Son and in the Father. 25 Now this is the promise that he himself made to us: eternal life. 26 These things I have written to you about those who are trying to deceive you. 27 Now as for you, the anointing that you received from him resides in you, and you have no need for anyone to teach you. But as his anointing teaches you about all things, it is true and is not a lie. Just as it has taught you, you reside in him. 28 And now, little children, remain in him, so that when he appears we may have confidence and not shrink away from him in shame when he comes back. 29 If you know that he is righteous, you also know that everyone who practices righteousness has been fathered by him.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 John 2:13 and Jonathan Isaiah 43:10

New Testament · Targum

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Summary

1 John refers to knowing the one who is “from the beginning,” language found in the Aramaic translation of Isaiah 43 in the Targum. Both likely draw on a shared Aramaic tradition.

Passages

1 John 2:13

New Testament
12 I am writing to you, little children, that your sins have been forgiven because of his name. 13 I am writing to you, fathers, that you have known him who has been from the beginning. I am writing to you, young people, that you have conquered the evil one. 14 I have written to you, children, that you have known the Father. I have written to you, fathers, that you have known him who has been from the beginning. I have written to you, young people, that you are strong, and the word of God resides in you, and you have conquered the evil one. 15 Do not love the world or the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him,
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 John

Jonathan Isaiah 43:10

Targum
8 When I brought my people out of Egypt, they were like the blind, although they had eyes, and like the deaf, although they had ears. 9 Let all the nations be gathered together, let the kingdoms be brought together; who among them can declare this and give us the joyful tidings of old? Let them bring forth their witnesses, that they may be justified; let them hear and speak the truth. 10 You are my witnesses, says the LORD, and my servant, the Messiah, in whom is my delight, so that you may know and believe in me and understand that I am He who was from the beginning; ages upon ages are mine, and besides me there is no god. 11 I, even I, am the LORD, and besides me there is no savior.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... Interpretive questions include (1) what is ‘his name,’ and (2) to what does ‘the beginning’ refer — the beginning of Jesus’ ministry, or the beginning as in Genesis 1:1 and John 1:1? ... Answers to both of these interpretive questions are suggested when the dependence of 1 John 2:11-14 on Targum Isaiah 43:10, 25; 44:6; 48:12, as shown by the following comparison, is recognized ... The italicized portion of Targum Isaiah 43:10 stands in place of the MT, ‘Before me there was no God formed.’ It also agrees with the Targum’s paraphrase of Isaiah 44:6 and 48:12, which read identically to the Aramaic of 43:10 ... The fact that two different phrases in 1 John 2:12-14 agree so closely with two phrases closely collocated in Targum Isaiah (one being found three times), both of which are divine ‘I am he’ sayings, makes it unlikely that the similarity between 1 John and Targum Isaiah is accidental, or that both 1 John and the Targum borrow from the same liturgical source ..."
John L. Ronning, “The Targum of Isaiah and the Johannine Literature,” WTJ 69 (2007): 247–278.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 John 2:13 and Jonathan Isaiah 43:10

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