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1 Enoch

About this book
Chapter 99

1 Woe to you who engage in godlessness, and glory in lying and praise them: You shall perish, and no happy life shall be yours. 2 Woe to those who distort the words of truth, and violate the eternal law,⁠ and transform themselves into what they were not [into sinners]: They shall be trodden underfoot upon the earth. 3 In those days, prepare yourselves, righteous ones, to raise your prayers as a memorial, and set them as a testimony before the angels, so that they may present the sins of the sinners as a memorial before the Most High.⁠ 4 In those days the nations shall be stirred up, and the families of the nations shall rise on the day of destruction.⁠ 5 And in those days the impoverished shall go forth and carry off their children, and they shall abandon them, so that their children shall perish through them: Yes, they shall abandon their suckling children and not return to them, and shall have no pity on their loved ones. 6 And again I swear to you, sinners, that sin is prepared for a day of unceasing bloodshed.⁠ 7 And those who worship stones, and carved images of gold, silver, wood, stone, and clay, and those who worship impure spirits and demons, and all kinds of idols not according to knowledge, shall receive no help from them.⁠ 8 And they shall become godless by reason of the folly of their hearts, and their eyes shall be blinded through the fear of their hearts and through visions in their dreams.⁠ 9 Through these, they shall become godless and fearful; for they shall have conducted all their work in a lie, and shall have worshiped a stone: Therefore, they shall perish instantly. 10 But in those days, blessed are all who accept the words of wisdom, understand them, observe the paths of the Most High, and walk in the path of His righteousness, and do not become godless with the godless; for they shall be saved. 11 Woe to you who spread evil to your neighbors; for you shall be slain in Sheol. 12 Woe to you who make deceitful and false measures, and to those who cause bitterness on the earth; for they shall be utterly consumed. 13 Woe to you who build your houses through the grievous toil of others, and all their building materials are the bricks and stones of sin; I tell you, you shall have no peace. 14 Woe to those who reject the measure and eternal heritage of their fathers and whose souls follow after idols; for they shall have no rest. 15 Woe to those who commit unrighteousness, aid oppression, and slay their neighbors until the day of the great judgment. 16 For He shall cast down your glory, inflict affliction on your hearts, arouse His fierce indignation, and destroy you all with the sword; and all the holy and righteous shall remember your sins.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 119:89 and 1 Enoch 99:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch 99 uses covenant language that echoes Psalm 119, which emphasizes the permanence of God's spoken words in heaven. By adopting this style, 1 Enoch connects its apocalyptic language with the traditions of the Hebrew Bible.

Passages

Psalm 119:89

Hebrew Bible
87 They have almost destroyed me here on the earth, but I do not reject your precepts. 88 Revive me with your loyal love that I might keep the rules you have revealed. 89 ל (Lamed) Forever, O Lord, is your word; it stands secure in heaven.126 90 You demonstrate your faithfulness to all generations. You established the earth and it stood firm. 91 Today they stand firm by your decrees, for all things are your servants.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

1 Enoch 99:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 Woe to you who engage in godlessness, and glory in lying and praise them: You shall perish, and no happy life shall be yours. 2 Woe to those who distort the words of truth, and violate the eternal law, and transform themselves into what they were not [into sinners]: They shall be trodden underfoot upon the earth. 3 In those days, prepare yourselves, righteous ones, to raise your prayers as a memorial, and set them as a testimony before the angels, so that they may present the sins of the sinners as a memorial before the Most High. 4 In those days the nations shall be stirred up, and the families of the nations shall rise on the day of destruction.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... Many scholars familiar with the Enochic corpus are struck by the lack of attention the collection pays to the law. To begin with, there are few references to the Sinaitic covenant and to torah, as Nickelsburg notes. The only explicit mention of the Sinai covenant occurs in the Apocalypse of Weeks (1 Enoch 93:6). In contradistinction, the author of the Animal Apocalypse, while transparently alluding to the Sinai theophany, neglects to mention the establishment of a covenant or the giving of torah (compare 1 Enoch 89:29–35). Even the word for ‘covenant’ is rare, according to Nickelsburg; in addition to 1 Enoch 93:6, it occurs with the sense of ‘covenant’ in 1 Enoch 99:2 and 106:13. In the case of 1 Enoch 99:2, Nickelsburg maintains, it is uncertain that the expression ‘eternal covenant’ found in this verse refers to the Mosaic covenant; in the second instance, 1 Enoch 106:13 refers expressly to a heavenly covenant violated by the watchers. Still Nickelsburg admits, following the conclusions of Hartman, that covenantal language familiar from the Pentateuch is used in 1 Enoch 1–5 ..."
Kelley Coblentz Bautch, A Study of the Geography of 1 Enoch 17–19: "No One Has Seen What I Have Seen", JSJSup 81 (Leiden: Brill, 2003), 289–290.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 119:89 and 1 Enoch 99:2

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