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1 Enoch

Ethiopic Book of Enoch

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The Origins of Sin and Its Record

Chapter 98

1 And now I swear to you, to the wise and to the foolish, for you will experience many things on the earth.

2 For men will wear more ornaments than a woman, and colored garments more than a virgin. In royalty, grandeur, and power, and in silver, gold, and purple, and in splendor and food these will be poured over them like water. 3 So they will lack teaching and wisdom, and will perish along with their possessions, and with all their glory and splendor, and in shame, slaughter, and great poverty, their spirits will be thrown into the furnace of fire.

4 I have sworn to you, sinners, that just as a mountain has not become a servant, nor a hill the female servant of a woman, so sin was not sent on the earth, but man created it himself, and those who commit it will fall under a great curse.⁠ 5 Barrenness was not given to the woman, but she dies without children because of the deeds of her own hands.

6 I have sworn to you, sinners, by the Holy Great One, that all your evil deeds are revealed in the heavens, and none of your deeds of oppression are concealed or hidden. 7 Do not think in your spirit nor say in your heart that you do not know or see that every sin is recorded every day in heaven in the presence of the Most High.⁠ 8 From now on you know that all the oppression with which you oppress is recorded every day until the day of your judgment.

Warnings to the Fools and the Violent

9 Disaster awaits you, fools, for through your foolishness you will perish, and you act wrongly against the wise, and good fortune will not be your share.

10 And now, know that you are prepared for the day of destruction. So do not hope to live, sinners, but you will depart and die, for you know of no ransom, for you are prepared for the day of great judgment, for the day of distress and great shame for your spirits.

11 Disaster awaits you, stubborn people, who do wickedness and eat blood. Where do you expect to receive good things to eat and drink and be satisfied? From all the good things which the Lord the Most High has placed abundantly on the earth.⁠ So you will have no peace.

12 Disaster awaits you who love the deeds of unrighteousness. Why do you hope for good fortune for yourselves? Know that you will be handed over into the hands of the righteous, and they will cut off your heads and kill you, and have no mercy on you.

13 Disaster awaits you who rejoice in the trouble of the righteous, for no grave will be dug for you.

14 Disaster awaits you who reject the words of the righteous, for you will have no hope of life.

15 Disaster awaits you who write down lying and godless words, for they write their lies so that men may hear them and act wickedly toward their neighbors.⁠ 16 So they will have no peace but die a sudden death.

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Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 98:4 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 15:11

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Deuterocanon

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Summary

1 Enoch and Sirach share a tradition about the origin of sin, with both rejecting the idea that God is responsible for evil and describing sin as the result of human disobedience, showing a developing theological perspective in Jewish thought.

Passages

1 Enoch 98:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Ethiopic Book of Enoch
3 So they will lack teaching and wisdom,
and will perish along with their possessions,
and with all their glory and splendor, and in shame, slaughter, and great poverty,
their spirits will be thrown into the furnace of fire.
4 I have sworn to you, sinners, that just as a mountain has not become a servant,
nor a hill the female servant of a woman,
so sin was not sent on the earth,
but man created it himself,
and those who commit it will fall under a great curse.
5 Barrenness was not given to the woman,
but she dies without children because of the deeds of her own hands.
6 I have sworn to you, sinners, by the Holy Great One,
that all your evil deeds are revealed in the heavens,
and none of your deeds of oppression are concealed or hidden.
325 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 15:11

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
9 Praise is not fitting in a sinner’s mouth,
for it was not sent to him from the Lord.
10 For praise will be spoken in wisdom,
and the Lord will make it flourish.
11 Don’t say, “It is through the Lord that I fell away,”
for you must not do the things that he hates.
12 Don’t say, “He caused me to go wrong,”
for he has no need of a sinful man.
13 The Lord hates every detestable thing,
and those who fear him don’t love them.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... Eve was deceived by the serpent, disobeyed God’s prohibition, and bore the consequences of her own transgression (Gen 3:1-6,13, 16; 1 Enoch 69.4-7; Jubilees 1:38-45; Apocalypse of Moses 15:1; 30:1). The Hebrew Bible never blames her for bringing sin and death into the world. Some rabbis blame her (Sirach 25.24; 2 Baruch 48:42-43; Apocalypse of Moses 10:2; 11.1-3; 14.1-2; 21.5-6; Vita 44.2-4; Genesis Rabbah 17:8; 20:11; 22:2; 28:2) and Adam (2 Baruch 17:3; 23:4; 56:5-6; 4 Ezra 3:20-22, 25, 26; 4:30-31; 7:92, 116-118; Apocalypse of Moses 24:1; 27:2-5; 39:1; Genesis Rabbah 16:6; Exodus Rabbah 30:3; Deuteronomy Rabbah 9:8; Ecclesiastes Rabbah 7:13) for bringing death to the human race, but some blame Satan (1 Enoch 54.6; 69.5; Wisdom of Solomon 2.23; Apoclypse of Moses 21:1-5), the Watchers (1 Enoch 6:1-6; 7:1-6; 15:2-12; 16.1; Jubilees 4:15, 22, 23; 5:1-2, 6-11; CD 2.16-18), and the evil yezer (Sirach 17:30-32; 21:11; 2 Enoch 30:8-16; 2 Baruch 54:15, 19; 56:6; 4 Ezra 3:4-11, 21-27; 4:30; Genesis Rabbah 17:6; b. Shabbat 145b-146a). Nonetheless, they also emphasize human free will and individual responsibility for personal actions (Ezekiel 18; Sirach 15:15, 17; 16:12; 21:27; 27:10; 1 Enoch 16; 98:4; 9:14; Wisdom of Solomon 11:16; 12:15; 16:9; 30:15; 2 Enoch 30:13-16; 2 Baruch 17-19). The theory of original sin or individual hereditary sinfulness derived from Eve (or Adam) cannot be adequately traced or justified in early Judaism ..."
Sariah Yau-wah Chan, “1 Timothy 2:13–15 in the Light of Views Concerning Eve and Childbirth in Early Judaism” (PhD diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 2006), 189–195.

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1 Enoch 98:4 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 15:11

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